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PSYCHOLOGY
GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
• Growth can be defined as an increase in size, length, height, and weight or the changes in quantitative aspects of an organism.
• Development is a series of orderly progression towards maturity. It implies overall qualitative changes resulting in the improved functioning of the organism.
GROWTH VS DEVELOPMENT
• quantitative changes in size, weight number etc.
• one of the parts of development.
• changes that take place in particular aspects of the body & behaviour
• continue throughout life but stops with the attainment of maturity
• changes may be measured
• quantitative & observable
• may or may not bring about
development.
• qualitative
• changes in the quality
• overall changes in the individual. Growth is one of its parts
• describes the changes in the organism as a whole.
• continuous process- from womb to tomb
• changes are qualitative in nature & cannot be measured- can be assessed
• possible without growth
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
• There are seven principles of development that have been put forth from the scientific knowledge gained from observing children.
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF SEQUENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF UNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF INTER-RELATED DEVELOPMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF INTERACTION OF HEREDITY & ENVIROMENT
• PRINCIPLE OF INTERACTION OF MATURATION & LEARNING
PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT
• This states that development is a continuous process.
• Only disease or severe malnutrition may halt its continuity for some time.
PRINCIPLE OF ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT
• It states that development proceeds from general to specific directions.
PRINCIPLE OF SEQUENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
• According to this, development follows a sequential pattern wherein puberty is achieved before full physical structure.
PRINCIPLE OF UNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
• This states that even though there is a set pattern of development every individual differs with regards to the time he achieves the changes.
• For ex. All children crawl before standing but the age at which they perform these activities is different.
PRINCIPLE OF INTER-RELATED DEVELOPMENT
• This states that the three types of developments that take place in an individual are social, mental and emotional.
• However these three are inter-related and one doesn’t exist without the other.
PRINCIPLE OF INTERACTION OF HEREDITY & ENVIROMENT
• According to this principle, an individual is the product of his heredity and environment.
• Even though the genes play an important role in determining the rate and quality of growth and development, his socio-cultural, emotional and physical environment has its own importance.
PRINCIPLE OF INTERACTION OF MATURATION & LEARNING
• Maturation refers to the changes in the developing organism due to ripening of abilities, characteristics, traits, behaviour due to training etc.
• This principle states that the interaction of the maturity and learning process of an individual influences growth and development.
STAGES OF CHILD’S DEVELOPMENT
• Every child is a changing, growing and developing organism. Rousseau attempted to divide the child’s development into 4 stages.
• infancy lasting upto 5 years,• childhood lasting upto 12
years,• adolescence upto 18 years• maturity from 18 years
onwards