Group 3 estonia presentation 3 6-12

Kathryn Ryan (Kathi)

Cheryl Kelly (Kelly)

Sue Meister

Anna Masolva

Natalia Jelezoglo

March 6th, 2012 Group 3

The Culture of ESTONIA

Image: http://travelpostcard.blogspot.com/2009/03/map-postcard-from-estonia.html

Presenting The Estonian Culture In The Following Order:

Geography - Kathi Ryan

History - Cheryl L Kelly

The Politics - Anna Maslova

The Lifestyle - Kathi Ryan

The Music - Sue Meister

The Religion - Natalia V. Jelezoglo

This presentation introduces you to the culture of Estonia. We will show that the geography of Estonia greatly influenced its history, politics, and people. We will share how the Arts, Literature, Music, and Religion played a part in shaping this diverse country, and continue to influence it today.

Geography of Estonia

The two largest islands are

Saaremaa (literally, island land), at

2,673 square kilometers, and

Hiiumaa, at 989 square kilometers.

The country's highest point, Suur

Munamägi (Egg Mountain), is in

the hilly southeast and reaches

318 meters above sea level.

Estonia is covered by about 1.8

million hectares of forest.

Meadows cover about 252,000

hectares, and pastureland covers

about 181,000 hectares http://countrystudies.us/estonia/6.htm

http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/estonia/

http://countrystudies.us/estonia/6.htm


http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/estonia/


1,400 natural and artificial

lakes in Estonia

The largest, Lake is Peipsi

(3,555 square kilometers)

Võrtsjärv is the second-

largest, lake (270 square

kilometers)

The Narva and Emajõgi

are among the most

important of the country's

many rivers http://www.expatify.com/estonia/exploring-the-lakes-and-reservoirs-of-estonia.html

http://www.expatify.com/estonia/exploring-the-lakes-and-reservoirs-of-estonia.html


Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of

Finland between Latvia and Russia.

Area total: 45,226 sq. km (smaller than New Hampshire and

Vermont combined.

Land Boundaries: 633 km Border countries: Latvia and Russia.

Climate: wet, moderate winters, cool summers.

Terrain: Marshy, lowlands: flat in the north, hilly in the south.

Natural Hazards: sometimes flooding occurs in the spring.

Geography-note: the mainland terrain is flat, boggy and partly

wooded offshore lie more than 1,500 islands.

Population: 1,340,194 est. ( July 2011)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia#Population

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia

Geography Communication Concept Applied

The communication concept applied for geography is territorial marker according to Beebe, S.A., Beebe,S.J., & Ivy,D.K (2010).The Blue Book of Communication Studies (TCC Custom Edition ed., PP.104-105).Boston: Allyn and Bacon. “A thing or action that signifies an area has been claimed.”

The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2 (17,462 square mi), and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate

Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties.

Autonomy declared 12 April 1917

Independence Declared officially recognized 24 February 1918

1st Soviet occupation 1940-1941

2nd occupation 1944-1991

Independence restored 20 August 1991

Area total 45,225 KM2 (132) 17,413 Sq. miles

Water (%) 4.45%

History of Estonia

Mesolithic period

Neolithic Period Bronze Age Iron Age Early Middle Ages

The Middle ages

10,000 BC

1227 BC

1800 BC

500 BC

1st centuries AD

1193

The earliest trace of human settlement

Marked by the ceramics of the Narva Culture

The development of borders between the Finnic people and the Balts begin

Settlement sites were build around natural protection. Fortress were built.

Two larger subdivisions appeared: the parish (Kilelkond) and county (Maakind)

Last corners of Europe to be Christianized. Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans.

http:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia

History of Estonia

Ruled by Germans, Danes, Swedes (1632), and Russians

In 1237 the Knights of the Sword were absorbed into a

crusading order called the Teutonic Knights

The Teutonic Knights ruled southern Estonia while the

Danes ruled the north

Estonia prior to the 13th century resisted the attacks of

the Vikings, the Danes, Swedes, and Russians

Text:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights

History of Estonia

Joined the Europe Region May 1, 2004.

Estonia attained independence in 1918.

Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940.

The last Russian troops left in 1994.

Regained its freedom in 1991, with the collapse of

the Soviet Union.

Estonia has been free to promote economic and

political ties with Western Europe.

Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia

http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcestonia.htm

History of Estonia

In the 16th century both Sweden and Russia wanted Estonia.

The Swedes captured Tallinn in 1561.

1721, Russians defeated the Swedes and they became the

ruling power under the “Peace of Nystad”.

1940,Many Jewish and Estonians were deported to Siberia.

“Conformation” of independence August 20th 1991 and still

celebrated to this day. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/estonia_tallinn_old_town.htm

IMAGE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution Jaan Anvelt

Image-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JaanAnvel

History Communication Concept Applied

According to History's Communication concept is

individual culture according to Beebe, S.A., Beebe,

S.J., & Ivy,D.K (2010).The Blue Book of Communication Studies (TCC

Custom Edition ed., PP.32-35).Boston: Allyn and Bacon. “Individual

culture is a culture that values individual achievement and personal

accomplishment.” Which I have demonstrated in the pervious slides

by going back into the history of Estonia.

A country that has been defeated several times,

resisted the attacks of the Vikings, Danes, Swedes, and Russians

taking away from their homes, thrown into camps by the USSR.

Estonia is now a very strong and independent country.

Image:http://www.chicagopianos.com/estoniahistory.htm

Politics and Government of Estonia

A democratic republic with parliamentary representative of a

multi-party system.

Declared independence from Soviet Union in 1991,the new

constitution came into effect in 1992.

Andrus Ansip is the prime minister since April 2005.

Legislative power is vested in the parliament.

Executive and legislature.

A member of European union and NATO.

Image: http://www.valitsus.ee/en/government/prime-minister-and-ministers/andrus-ansip

http://www.mapsofworld.com/estonia/politics-and-government

Image from : www.travelblog.org


The Main Parts in the Parliament Include:

Estonian Centre Party

Estonian Reform Party

Union of Pro Patria and Res Public

Estonia Greens

People’s Union of Estonia http://www.kookynet.net/10-baltics.html

(http://www.mapsofworld.com/estonia/politics-and-government/

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The President is elected by the Parliament.

The presidency is a five-year term.

If he or she does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three

rounds of balloting.

An electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local

governments) elects the president, choosing between the two

candidates with the largest percentage of votes. http://www.president.ee/en

Current president Hendrik Ilvesh was re-elected in the first round of

presidential elections in Parliament

His second five-year term in office was beginning October 10, 2011. Text:http://www.president.ee/en

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Lifestyle of Estonia

Estonia historically kept the same very traditional gender roles as they did in the past: Women’s Disadvantages:

Woman make considerably smaller wages.

Woman have limited opportunities in the labor market.

Woman have limited access to power and management.

Woman have a hard time combing work life and home life.

Men’s Disadvantages:

Men have low life expectancy

Men have low educational level

Men have limited opportunities in the labor market

http://shaan.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c774753ef0154337083d1970c-popup

http://www.flickr.com/photos/9teen87/page65/

http://www.jewishfilm.org/filmfest/09/calendar.htm

http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Estonia.html

http://wikigender.org/index.php/Gender_Equality_in_Estonia



Festive Celebrations:

Traditional weddings are two or three-day events which include large

amounts of food, drink, and games.

Birthdays are celebrated with large parties.

Christenings and confirmations are also celebrated with large parties.

The most important holiday is Christmas. Just like a America they

have Christmas trees that are decorated, and a traditional dinner is

served.

New Year's Eve is a part of the Christmas holiday, they go into sauna

before midnight to cleanse the body and spirit for the upcoming year.


http://www.folk.ee/kultuurilaegas/en/aai_index/rti_rahvatants_ja_tantsupidu/rti_m6iste


Clothing in the 19th century was divided into three parts:

Festive-which were only worn during festival and handed down from

generation to generation. Styles varied by region.

Visiting clothes- that were worn for errands in town such as business in less

festive manner.

Work clothes-are worn every day, made of poorer material.

Clothing in Estonia today:

Traditional woman wear wide skirts, long sleeve blouse with embroidery on the

cuffs.

Traditional woman wear aprons and cover their head, if they are married.

Traditional woman unmarried wears no apron and only ribbons in their hair.

Non traditional men, some woman wear western clothing.

http://wayback.archive-

it.org/2217/20101208164759/http://www.albertasource.ca/abestonians/cultural/customs_clothing.html

Lifestyle Of Estonia Communication Concepts Applied

According to the blue book of communication studies, TCC

custom Edition ed,pp.20).Boston: Allyn and Bacon, "Nonverbal

Communication communicating by the means other than

written and spoken language.”

The following slides demonstrated Nonverbal language by:

Celebration of song and dance.

Celebrations of dressing up and having fun.

Decorating for holiday events.

Celebrating with family and friends.

The Music of Estonia

The Music of Estonia: How Verbal Communication through Music and Song Influenced the People of Estonia:

Music has been an important part in preserving Estonian nationality. Songs have been handed down from generation to generation. This look at the music of Estonia, especially through their use of songs will show the importance of verbal communication among people. As stated in The Blue Book of Communication Studies (Beebe S, A., Beebe S, J., & Ivy 2010 p. 61) “Words are powerful”.

Also from The Blue Book of Communication Studies (Beebe et al., 2010 p.62-63) we learn in The Nature of Language that “People use Words as Symbols”, and also that “People Attach Meanings to Words” I will show that through their music and songs, the people of Estonia created strong symbols that brought them together as a nation with one shared idea, their deep desire for national freedom from Soviet Occupation. These symbols went on to create a deeper meaning to all of them.

Image: http://tobreatheasone.wordpress.com/2009/06/

Early Music of Estonia

♪ The earliest mentioning of Estonian singing and dancing dates back

to Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (c.1179). Saxo speaks of

Estonian warriors who sang at night while waiting for an epic battle. The

Estonian folk music tradition is broadly divided into 2 periods. The

older folksongs are also referred to as runic songs, songs in the poetic

metre regivärss the tradition shared by all Baltic-Finnic peoples.

Runic singing was widespread among Estonians until the 18th

century, when it started to be replaced by rhythmic folksongs.

Professional Estonian musicians emerged in the late 19th-century at the

time of Estonian national awakening.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Estonia

http://palun.blogspot.com/2008/03/regilaul.html

Music Of Estonia

Estonian Culture and the Importance of Music: Estonian culture is that of a nation of a little more than one million people.

Along with the language, this culture is the main vehicle for Estonian identity, hence the respect which Estonians feel for it.

The most striking example of the culture of ancient Estonians is their

regivärss, i.e. rhythmic verse, as well as their aural tradition of folk song where each line is repeated several times with variations on a theme. Nowadays, such ancient culture is rarely encountered, exceptions being the island of Kihnu and the Setu border region, but such culture is nonetheless preserved and research is carried out on it.

Estonians have one of the biggest collections of folk songs in the world,

with written records of about 133,000 folk songs.

Written for the MFA by Mihkel Mutt, writer and columnist http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/estonian-culture.html

Music Of Estonia

The Song Festival Becomes a Role Model:

♪ The term “the singing nation” expresses well the Estonian identity that has

united the nation in its struggle for national independence before 1918 and during

the period of the Soviet occupation. (1941-1991) In 1988 began the so-called

“Singing Revolution”, based on the Song Festival tradition, when hundreds of

thousands of people gathered in the Song Festival Grounds to make political

demands and sing patriotic songs.

More than 300,000 people participated in the huge event entitled “The Song of

Estonia” in September 1988, and for the first time the re-establishment of Estonia’s

independence was openly demanded.

♪ There is a belief that the Estonian’s sang themselves

free from the Soviet Occupation.

http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-

science/song-and-dance-festivals.html

http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/song-and-dance-festivals.html

Religion of Estonia

The dominant religion in Estonia is Evangelical Lutheranism. Estonians were

Christianized by the Teutonic Knights in the thirteenth century.

During the Reformation, Lutheranism spread, and the church was officially established

in Estonia in 1686.

Among other religions in Estonia in the early 1990’s there were eighty-three Baptist

congregations with about 6,000 adult members, as well as about fifteen Methodist, and

several Seventh-Day Adventist congregations.

In 1992 there were 153 Lutheran congregations in Estonia with an estimated 200,000

members.

Aleksiy II, who had been born in Estonia and had served there as a metropolitan.

However, in April 1993, he agreed to grant the Estonian Orthodox Church autonomy.

John Paul II during a tour of the Baltic states in September 1993, and the Dalai Lama

came to Estonia soon after independence, in October 1991. The Jewish community has

a synagogue in Tallinn.

Immediately after the hostilities in Estonia ended in November 1944, the EAOC Synod,

who stayed in their country, appealed to the Patriarchal Locum Tenens, Metropolitan

Alexis of Leningrad and Novgorod, to accept them and all the clergy and laity of the

Estonian Orthodox Church in canonical communion with the Mother Church http://www.photius.com/countries/estonia/society/estonia_society_religion.html

Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church

Religion of Estonia

According to the 2001 Estonia Census the following are a list of Estonia’s

religious denominations and the number of followers of each

congregation.

Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%

Orthodox 12.8%

Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman

Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%

Unaffiliated 34.1%

Other and unspecified 32%

None 6.1% (2000 census) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church

Religion of Estonia

The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (EELC) was constituted in 1949, when the

previous church hierarchy, Eesti Evangeeliumi Luteriusu Kirik, headed

by bishop Johan Kõpp, had escaped to Sweden

in 1944. When the Soviet Union invaded Estonia

in 1940, most Christian organizations were

dissolved, church property was confiscated,

theologians were exiled to Siberia, and

religious education programs were outlawed.

World War II later brought devastation to many

church buildings. It was not until 1988 that church

activities were renewed when a movement for

religious tolerance began in the Soviet Union.

Although women had studied theology at Tartu

University in the 1920s and some had sought ordination

as priests, it was not until 1967 that the first woman,

Laine Villenthal, was ordained.

http://www.photius.com/countries/estonia/society/estonia_society_religion.html

http://www.indexmundi.com/estonia/religions.html

Religion Of Estonia

Communication Concepts Applied

My Communication concept is expert power

according to Beebe, S.A., Beebe,S.J., & Ivy,D.K

(2010).The Blue Book of Communication

Studies (TCC Custom Edition ed.,

PP.153).Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Cultural Values is a given group of people

values or appreciates, with such a rich diverse

culture Estonia has several types of religion

and through my research I have demonstrated

this in the previous slides.


Conclusion

We hope that through our presentation on Estonia you have a better

understanding about this small but diverse country. Our goal was to share how its

culture has been strongly influenced by its geography, history, politics, and the

mixtures of religious beliefs; we also shared how the Arts, Literature, and most

importantly Music has helped shape this country, and continue to influence it still

today.

The main points were presented by:

Geography - Kathi Ryan (slides 3-7)

History - Cheryl L Kelly (Slides 7-11)

The Politics - Anna Maslova (Slides 12-14)

The Lifestyle - Kathi Ryan (Slides 15-18)

The Music - Sue Meister (Slides 19-22)

The Religion - Natalia V. Jelezoglo (Slides 23-26)

Estonia Coat of Arms

http:www.flagshag.com

Questions

1. What was the “Singing Revolution” in Estonia, and how did

singing unite the people of Estonia?

2. Name some of the countries that ruled Estonia, and when did

they regain their freedom?

3. Where is Estonia located, and what countries border it both by

land, and sea?

4. Who elects the President, how is the election decided if no

person gets a majority vote, and how long is the term served?

References

Text reference:

Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., & Ivy, D. K. (2010) The Blue Book of Communication Studies (TCC Custom Edition, pp.20-153)

Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Website reference’s



http://www.expatify.com/estonia/exploring-the-lakes-and-reservoirs-of-estonia.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia#Population

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights


http://www.7is7.com/otto/estonia/ruhnu_lighthouse.html

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/estonia_tallinn_old_town.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution

http://www.chicagopianos.com/estoniahistory.htm

http://www.mapsofworld.com/estonia/politics-and-government

http://www.valitsus.ee/en/government/prime-minister-and-ministers/andrus-ansip

www.travelbog.com

http://www.kookynet.net/10-Baltics.html

References

http://www.president.ee/en

http://www.flickr.com/photos/9teen87/page65/

http://www.jewishfilm.org/filmfest/09/calendar.htm




http://www.folk.ee/kultuurilaegas/en/aai_index/rti_rahvatants_ja_tantsupidu/rti_m6iste

http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/society/estonians.html

http://www.art.com/products/p12377100-sa-i1746587/saint-catherines-day-is-a-holiday-for-paris- shopgirls.htm


http://wayback.archive-

it.org/2217/20101208164759/http://www.albertasource.ca/abestonians/cultural/customs_clothing.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Estonia

http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/song-and-dance-festivals.html p://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-

science/estonian-culture.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church


http://www.indexmundi.com/estonia/religions.html


http://www.flagshag.com

Image: http://travelpostcard.blogspot.com/2009/03/map-postcard-from-estonia.html

Education

Group 3 estonia presentation 3 6-12