Principles of Green Chemistry• It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.• Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the

process into the final product.• Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that

possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.• Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity.• The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc) should be made unnecessary

wherever possible and innocuous when used.• Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be

minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.• A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whatever technically and

economically practicable• Reduce derivatives – Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection, temporary

modification) should be avoided whenever possible.• Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.• Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the

environment and break down into innocuous degradation products.• Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring

and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.• Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be choosen to minimize

potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions and fires.

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Areas of Green ChemistryOver 12 principles of green chemistry the OCSE (Organization Internazional for the Coperation

and Economic Development) has produced in a conference, held in Venezia, in October of 1998 (approved in Parigi in 1999) , a text on the 7 areas of Green Chemistry:

1) Use of recycled or renewable materials. 2)Use of harmless reagents3)Use natural proces4)Use alternative solvents5)Design chemical compounds more sure6)Development of alternative reaction conditions7)Minimization of the consumption of energy

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Use of recycled or renewable materials:

• This area of green chemistry find and use renewable materials.

Renewable resource is a resource that can be produced before it run out. The oils isn’t a renewable resource because it taken millions years to produce it. The biomass are renewable materials results with the fast forming.

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Use of harmless reagents

• In this case the modern science search new advantageous methods for example serarch reagent less polluting and catalysts more selective.

The oxidation reactions that use air are too fast or too lens and they aren’t selective. The science search good reagent as water peroxide or pure oxygen with selective catalysts.

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Use natural proces

• This area study the utilization of biological proces for get renewable energy without polluting the environment(because are biodegradable substances). Also there is an energy and resourcess saving.

The biosynthetic reactions are low consumption of water, energy and limited emissions of CO2. The natural proces are used for the production of biofuel using waste products.

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Use alternative solvents

• This field is studied new alternative to solvents more invasive for protection the enviroment.

There are alternative to these solvents, for example use water when is possible. Another alternative is use harmless products (water,CO2), in the supercritical phase (pressure and temperature).

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Design chemical compounds more sure

• This search with modern machines model the molecules, or eliminate secondary products of reaction dangerous for the organism.

You can do this if the molecules don’t change it reactive features.

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Development of alternative reaction conditions

• In this proces for increase the speed it use the catalysts.

It use microonde or electromagnetic waves for increase the speed.

According to the principe of “atom economy”, it should eliminate the secondary products.

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Minimization of the consumption of energy

• This field study new ways for reduce energy for reaction.

Use of catalysts or solvents , it helps to save energy.

Reduce consumption of energy for reduce pollution.

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ITTS A.VoltaClasse 4ACh

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