Upload
amin-khalil
View
440
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
undergraduate gravity lecture
Citation preview
Gravity Method
ByDr. Amin E. Khalil
M1M2 R
2
21
r
MMGF
Newton 2nd law
gMF hence
2
212
r
MMGgM
Then
2r
MGg
r
R = radius of the earth
6371
km
Earth is considered as sphere and hence radius is constant.
Ideal
RealEarth is not sphere and hence radius is not constant.
Hence correction must be applied
Why corrections?
Because many factors affect the value of g. As an example:•Earth flattening.•Surface relief.• anomalous masses inside the earth
We want to focus on
Anomalous masses
We need first to define reference surface
Geoid
What is geoid? It is equipotential surface where the g is always constant. The equipotential surface is usually taken as the sea level. However, due to some heterogeneity in the earth Geoid may differ slightly from Sea level.
Reduction
Reduction is carried out to correct for:•Latitude•Elevation•Excess mass•Terrain•Drift•Isostacy•Earth’s rotation
Latitude Corrction
The earth is flattened, i.e the radius at the equator is longer than at the poles.
gn = 978031.85 (1.0 + 0.005278895 sin2(lat) + 0.000023462 sin4(lat)) (mGal)
Elevation Correction
geoid
+h
-h
gfa = gobs - gn+ 0.3086h (mGal)
Bouguer Correction
+m
-m
gb = gobs - gn + 0.3086h - 0.04193r h (mGal)