Grammer Handbook

Anabella Frost

Table of ContentsPreterite 3

Trigger words 4

Car,gar,zar 5

Spock 6

Cucharacha 7

Snake 8

Snakey 9

Imperfect 10

Trigger 11

Irregulars 12

Preterite vs. imperfect 13

Ser vs. estar 14

Verbs like gustar 15

Comparitive/superlative 16

Transition words 17

Future 18

Trigger 19

Irregular 20

Por 21

Para 22

Preterite• Actions that occurred in the past events• These actions are

– Repeated a specific number of times– Occurred during specific times– Part of a chain of events– Have a beginning and an end

Ar Er/ir

yo e i

tu aste iste

el o io

nos amos imos

vos asteis isteis

ellos aron ieron

Trigger Words

• Trigger words help determine whether or not the conjugated verb should be in the preterite tense.

• They help show past actions.Un dia Una vez

Ayer Hace un ano

El martes El mas pasado

Anteayer Por una

Hora Por fin

Alas noche Anoche

Dates

Car, gar, zar

• These are preterite verbs that end with either car, gar, or zar.• They are irregular preterite verbs that stem change.• Change only in 1st person singular

• Car- Que• Gar-gue• Car-ce

Spock verbs

• Irregular verbs in the preterite form

Ir/ser dar hacer

Yo Fui Di Hice

Tu Fuiste Diste Hiciste

El Fue Dio Hizo

Nos Fuimos Dimos Hicimos

Vos Fuisteis Disteis Hicisteis

ellos Fueron Dieron hicieron

Cucaracha verbs

• Irregular verbs in the preterite

Andar Anduv

Estar Estuv

Poder Pud

Poner Pus

Querer Quis

Saber Sup

Tener Tuv

Venir Vin

Add the proper endings to each verb depending on the person

Snake

• Snake verbs are irregular preterite verbs• Only change in the 3rd person • They are stem changers in which the e

changes to an I– Pedir, preferir, competir, servir, sentir, repitir, venir

• They can also change from o to u– Dormir, morir

Snakey

• Snakey verbs are irregular preterite verbs that only change in the 3rd person form

• They are stem changing verbs that change from an I or an e and go to a y.

• Ex: I to y- oir• Ex: e to y- creer, leer

Imperfect

• A verb that expresses ongoing past actions• Does not have a specific beginning or an end• Describes physical and emotional charcteristics• Expresses time, weather, and location

Ar Er/ir

yo Aba ia

tu Abas ias

el Aba ia

nos Abamos iamos

ellos aban ian

Trigger

• Words that show or hint that the sentence will use or is using the imperfect tense

• Can help decide if the imperfect tense is necessary for the sentence

A veces Mientras

Cado dia Frecuetemente

Siempre Todos los dias

A menundo De vez en cuando los lunes

IrregularsIr Ser ver

Yo Iba Era Veia

Tu Ibas Eras Beias

El Iba Era Beia

Nos Ibamos Eramos Beiamos

ellos iban eran beian

Irregular preterite verbs with different conjugated endings

Preterite

Expresses actions viewed by the speaker as a completed action

Expresses a beginning and an end of an

action

This describes actual actions or events of the past. They are

perfected.

Imperfect

Expresses ongoing past actions

Expresses an action that does not have

specific beginning or end.

This describes physical and emotional

characteristics of the past.

Also, expresses time, weather, and location.

Ser vs. Estar• Ser and estar mean to be• They are used at different times according to

the sentence or the condition• Estar Ser• D descriptions

O OriginC CharacteristicsT timeO occupationsR relationshipsP possessionE eventsD dates

H Health

E Emotions

L Location

P Present

I ando

N Endo

G yendo

Verbs like Gustar

When followed by one plus verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of the verb is always used

• Will take the number of the following noun• Aburrir, encantar, falter, molestar,fascinar, importar,

intersar, quedar, disgustar, faltar, disgustar, soprendar• Often used in the conditional tense– Would- ia, iamos– Should- ias– Could- ia ian

Comparatives/Superlatives

• Comparatives and superlatives are used to compare and contrast

• They are used with adjectives and transition words

• Aunque, mientras, por lo tanto are some of these words

Transition words

• Transition words are used to change topics or go from one thing to the next.

• They are used in comparatives to show similarities and differences.

Aunque although

Mientras while

Pero but

Por lo tanto therefore

Tambien also

Pasar de In spite of

Sin emargo netherless

Future

• The future tense is used to express actions or events that are going to happen or have not occurred yet.

• The verbs can be conjugated by adding the appropriate endings to the end of the unconjugated verbs

Yo E

Tu As

El A

Nos Eia

Ellos an

Trigger words

• Trigger words for future tense are used to show when the future tense needs to be used or when the future tense of the verb is appropriate

• These words include– Proximo ano- next year– Proximo semana- next week– Manana- tomorrow

Irregulars for future

• The endings are kept the same, but the verb changes Decir Dirt

Hacer HartPober PondrSalir SaldrTener Tendrvaler ValdrVenir VendrPoder PodrQuerer QuerrSaber Sabrcaber CabrHaber habr

Por

• Passing through…..Portal• General location……Portugal• How long something lasts…..Porever• The cause of something….Porpose• An exchange……exPort• Doing something in place of……..Por, pay me• Means of transportation……transPortation

Para

• For whom something is done…….Paraty• Destination….Paragauy• The purpose for which something is

done….Parasites….Parachute• To express an opinion…..Paradon me• To compare/contrast…… • Express a deadline……Paramedic