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Grammer Handbook
Anabella Frost
Table of ContentsPreterite 3
Trigger words 4
Car,gar,zar 5
Spock 6
Cucharacha 7
Snake 8
Snakey 9
Imperfect 10
Trigger 11
Irregulars 12
Preterite vs. imperfect 13
Ser vs. estar 14
Verbs like gustar 15
Comparitive/superlative 16
Transition words 17
Future 18
Trigger 19
Irregular 20
Por 21
Para 22
Preterite• Actions that occurred in the past events• These actions are
– Repeated a specific number of times– Occurred during specific times– Part of a chain of events– Have a beginning and an end
Ar Er/ir
yo e i
tu aste iste
el o io
nos amos imos
vos asteis isteis
ellos aron ieron
Trigger Words
• Trigger words help determine whether or not the conjugated verb should be in the preterite tense.
• They help show past actions.Un dia Una vez
Ayer Hace un ano
El martes El mas pasado
Anteayer Por una
Hora Por fin
Alas noche Anoche
Dates
Car, gar, zar
• These are preterite verbs that end with either car, gar, or zar.• They are irregular preterite verbs that stem change.• Change only in 1st person singular
• Car- Que• Gar-gue• Car-ce
Spock verbs
• Irregular verbs in the preterite form
Ir/ser dar hacer
Yo Fui Di Hice
Tu Fuiste Diste Hiciste
El Fue Dio Hizo
Nos Fuimos Dimos Hicimos
Vos Fuisteis Disteis Hicisteis
ellos Fueron Dieron hicieron
Cucaracha verbs
• Irregular verbs in the preterite
Andar Anduv
Estar Estuv
Poder Pud
Poner Pus
Querer Quis
Saber Sup
Tener Tuv
Venir Vin
Add the proper endings to each verb depending on the person
Snake
• Snake verbs are irregular preterite verbs• Only change in the 3rd person • They are stem changers in which the e
changes to an I– Pedir, preferir, competir, servir, sentir, repitir, venir
• They can also change from o to u– Dormir, morir
Snakey
• Snakey verbs are irregular preterite verbs that only change in the 3rd person form
• They are stem changing verbs that change from an I or an e and go to a y.
• Ex: I to y- oir• Ex: e to y- creer, leer
Imperfect
• A verb that expresses ongoing past actions• Does not have a specific beginning or an end• Describes physical and emotional charcteristics• Expresses time, weather, and location
Ar Er/ir
yo Aba ia
tu Abas ias
el Aba ia
nos Abamos iamos
ellos aban ian
Trigger
• Words that show or hint that the sentence will use or is using the imperfect tense
• Can help decide if the imperfect tense is necessary for the sentence
A veces Mientras
Cado dia Frecuetemente
Siempre Todos los dias
A menundo De vez en cuando los lunes
IrregularsIr Ser ver
Yo Iba Era Veia
Tu Ibas Eras Beias
El Iba Era Beia
Nos Ibamos Eramos Beiamos
ellos iban eran beian
Irregular preterite verbs with different conjugated endings
Preterite
Expresses actions viewed by the speaker as a completed action
Expresses a beginning and an end of an
action
This describes actual actions or events of the past. They are
perfected.
Imperfect
Expresses ongoing past actions
Expresses an action that does not have
specific beginning or end.
This describes physical and emotional
characteristics of the past.
Also, expresses time, weather, and location.
Ser vs. Estar• Ser and estar mean to be• They are used at different times according to
the sentence or the condition• Estar Ser• D descriptions
O OriginC CharacteristicsT timeO occupationsR relationshipsP possessionE eventsD dates
H Health
E Emotions
L Location
P Present
I ando
N Endo
G yendo
Verbs like Gustar
When followed by one plus verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of the verb is always used
• Will take the number of the following noun• Aburrir, encantar, falter, molestar,fascinar, importar,
intersar, quedar, disgustar, faltar, disgustar, soprendar• Often used in the conditional tense– Would- ia, iamos– Should- ias– Could- ia ian
Comparatives/Superlatives
• Comparatives and superlatives are used to compare and contrast
• They are used with adjectives and transition words
• Aunque, mientras, por lo tanto are some of these words
Transition words
• Transition words are used to change topics or go from one thing to the next.
• They are used in comparatives to show similarities and differences.
Aunque although
Mientras while
Pero but
Por lo tanto therefore
Tambien also
Pasar de In spite of
Sin emargo netherless
Future
• The future tense is used to express actions or events that are going to happen or have not occurred yet.
• The verbs can be conjugated by adding the appropriate endings to the end of the unconjugated verbs
Yo E
Tu As
El A
Nos Eia
Ellos an
Trigger words
• Trigger words for future tense are used to show when the future tense needs to be used or when the future tense of the verb is appropriate
• These words include– Proximo ano- next year– Proximo semana- next week– Manana- tomorrow
Irregulars for future
• The endings are kept the same, but the verb changes Decir Dirt
Hacer HartPober PondrSalir SaldrTener Tendrvaler ValdrVenir VendrPoder PodrQuerer QuerrSaber Sabrcaber CabrHaber habr
Por
• Passing through…..Portal• General location……Portugal• How long something lasts…..Porever• The cause of something….Porpose• An exchange……exPort• Doing something in place of……..Por, pay me• Means of transportation……transPortation
Para
• For whom something is done…….Paraty• Destination….Paragauy• The purpose for which something is
done….Parasites….Parachute• To express an opinion…..Paradon me• To compare/contrast…… • Express a deadline……Paramedic