LAD GRAMMAR WORKSHOP

Center for Language Development Across the Disciplines

LAD/FIPSE/FAR

What is a sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

Ex. This gift is for you.

Every sentence has two parts:SubjectPredicate

Subject

The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.

Complete subject:My tutors are outstanding.

Simple subject:Yvette is a tutor.

Predicate

Complete predicate:

words that tell what the subject is or does

Verb: the key word ofthe complete predicate –also known as simple predicate

Ex. The girl runs real fast.

Noun

A noun is the name of a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

Computer

Table

Computer

Table

Kinds of Nouns

Proper Noun Mark

Common Noun sun

Abstract Noun love

Collective Noun class

Plural Forms of Nouns

Regular Plural Nouns

Bus -------buses

Student- students

Irregular Plural Nouns

Leaf ------leaves

Child----- children

Woman-- women

City ------ cities

Pronouns

Kinds of Pronouns

Subject

Relative

Object

Interrogative

Possessive

Demonstrative

Reflexive

Intensive

A pronoun is a word that is used

in place of a noun.

Kinds of Pronouns Subject Object Possessive Possessive

Adjectives PronounsI Me My MineYou You Your YoursHe Him His HisShe Her Hers HersIt It It ItsWe Us Our OursYou You Your YoursThey Them Their Theirs

Kinds of Pronouns Reflexive Relative Interrogative Demonstrative Myself That Who This Yourself Which Whose That Himself Who What These Herself Whom Whom Those Itself Whose Which Ourselves Yourselves Themselves

Kinds of Pronouns

Indefinite

All Another Any Anybody Anyone Anything Both Each Either Everybody Everyone Everything Few Many More Most Much Neither Nobody None No oneOne Other Several Some Somebody Someone Something Such

Kinds of Verbs

Action - Ex. Dive

Linking - Ex. Am

Helping or auxiliary -

Ex. have, do, be

Verb TensesPresent

Past

Future

Present Progressive

Past Progressive

Future Progressive

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Future Perfect

Adjective

An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

Answers the questions: What kind?

I like the long, green rectangle. Which one?

I want that dress. How many?

I see twelve circles.

Adverb

A word that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.Answers the questions: When? I will see you tomorrow. Where? The dog is outside. How? She worked happily. To what extent or degree? They swam

deeper into the ocean. In what manner? Mary sang beautifully.

Prepositions

A word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other words in the sentence.

Example:

The students of this university are dynamic.

List of Prepositions

Along

Among

Around

As

At

Before

Behind

Below

Beneath

Beside

Besides

Between

Beyond

By

Despite

Down

Except

For

From

In

Near

More PrepositionsOf

Off

On

Onto

Out

Outside

Over

Past

Since

Through

Till

To

Toward

Under

Underneath

Until

Up

Upon

With

Within

Without

Compound PrepositionsAccording to

As of

As well as

Aside from

Because of

By means of

In addition to

In front of

In place of

In regard to

In respect to

In spite of

Instead of

On account of

Out of

Prior to

ConjunctionA conjunction is used to join words or group of words

Kinds of conjunctionsCoordinating conjunctionsCorrelative conjunctionsSubordinating conjunctionsConjunctive Adverbs

Coordinating Conjunctions

A coordinating conjunction connects individual words or groups of words that perform the same function.

Ex. I dance and sing.

And

But

Or

Nor

For

Yet

Correlative Conjunctions

A correlative conjunction consists of two or more words that function together.

Ex. Either Bill or Mary wrote the poem.

Either...or

Neither…nor

Whether…or

Not only…but (also)

both…and

Subordinating ConjunctionsSubordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses, which are clauses that cannot stand by themselves as a complete thought.

The subordinate conjunction connects a subordinate clause to an independent clause, which can stand by itself.

Ex. We will go whale watching if we have time.

List of Subordinating Conjunctions

After

As

As long as

As soon as

Before

In order that

So that

That

Since

Until

When

Whenever

While

Time PurposeTime

List of Subordinating Conjunctions

Manner

AsAs ifAs though

Because As

Than

Cause Comparison

Subordinating Conjunctions of Condition

Although Even though Though

As long as If Unless

Even if Provided that While

Conjunctive Adverbs

A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that functions somewhat like a coordinating conjunction.

Conjunctive adverbs usually connect independent clauses.

Conjunctive Adverbs

A semicolon precedes the conjunctive adverb, and a comma usually follows it.

Ex. I have to clean my room; therefore, I can’t go to the movies with you.

List of Conjunctive Adverbs

AccordinglyAlsoBesidesConsequentlyFinallyFurthermoreHoweverIndeed

InsteadLaterMoreoverNeverthelessOtherwiseStillThereforeThus

Interjection

An interjection is a word that expresses strong feelings

It is followed by an exclamation mark (!)

List of Common Interjections

Really!

Whoops!

Good grief!

Honestly!

Good!

Oh!

What!

Well!

Sh!

Ugh!

Alas!

Yes!

Ahem!

My!

Please!

No!

Unbelievable!

Congratulations!

My goodness!

Acknowledgments

Faculty Enrichment and Educational Technology Center

Zobeida Rosado

LAD GRAMMAR WORKSHOP

Prepared by Professors Delia Serrano and Jennifer Soler

University of the Sacred Heart

Department of Humanities

copyright © August 2002