GRAMMAR CLASS SUMMARY

Date: April 20th, 2015

CONDITIONALS

Teacher: What have we learned the last class?

Alison: We learned about conditional. It is composed for two sentences: The If clause and

the main clause.

Teacher: How many conditionals are there?

Francisco: There are four conditions: First, second, third and Zero conditionals.

Teacher: How do we form the first condition?

Miryam: We use IF+S+V, () Will +V.

Teacher: Today we are going to do exercises with if simple present - be going to.

Instruction: One person is going to as if clause and other is going to say the main clause.

Nancy: If I work hard Jennifer: i am going to have money.

Wilma: If you win the lottery Jaime: I am going to buy a new car.

Diana; If I have a daughter Alison: Her name is going to be Janis.

Rita: If I finish my Project Lourdes: I am going to graduate.

Jessica; If you buy a car Charly: I am going to drive.

Teacher; You have to do two examples with be going to.

Examples:

Conditional Clause Main Clause

If you do exercises you are going to be healthy

If I visit my parents they are going to be happy.

Teacher: Now we you are going to do exercise with if + simple present - Imperative

Lourdes: If you love someone, Karina: Marry.

Nancy: If I have a lot of money, Mayra H. Spend

Teacher: If + present continuous: To be +principal verb ending in ing.

Examples:

Diana: If my mother is cooking delicious, Jessica: I will eat all.

Wilma: If I am traveling, Lourdes: I will be happy.

Teacher: If + present perfect. - will +be able to.

Adriana: when we use present perfect?

Mayra D: When the action began in the past and now it is relevant.

Alison: When we talk about experiences.

Examples:

Mayra Q: if you have received a cook course, you will be able to prepare a delicious food.

Rita: If you have played the piano, you will be able to participate in the competence.

Fernanda: If I have traveled abroad, I will be able to speak other languages.

Teacher: Imperative -- and/ or +will

Example:

Jennifer: Study more and you will pass the semester.

Karina: Do not smoke and you will have healthy life.

Date: April 27th, 2015

CONDITIONALS

Teacher: ask about the homework

Alison: The homework is about the first conditional using present tense, present,

continuous, present perfect and imperatives.

Teacher: What is a condition?

Adriana: it is to connect to sentences

Jaime: a condition is a small sentence and also is a situation.

Teacher: what are the tenses in first conditionals?

Rita:

If + Present simple + modal verb

If + Present simple + be going to

If + Present simple + imperative

If + present continuous + will + bare infinitive

If + present perfect + will + bare infinitive

If + preset perfect + modal verb

Imperatives and or + will

Teacher: in orders words we can use present simple, present continuous, present perfect.

When we use first conditional we are talking about event that can happen.

Teacher: what is a second conditional? What is the meaning of unlikely?

Teacher: the second conditional is about u likely events.

2nd condition

Unlikely events

Past tense + would

If Adriana worked in class, it would be a miracle.

Grammar classes would be funny if Adriana participated.

Teacher: the second condition with past + conditionals like would, might

If I won a million dollars, I might have a palace

Conditional clause main clause

If + past simple + would

If I had enough money, I’d retire

If + past simple + might

If I lost my job, I might go abroad for a while.

Fernanda: what is the difference between first conditional and second conditional?

Teacher: first conditional is possible to occur present tense

If Adriana works in class, it will be a miracle.

Second conditional is unlikely past tense

If Adriana worked in class, it would be a miracle

Natalia: we can use in conditional was and were

Teacher: no in conditional we use just were.

Examples:

If I were your mom, you would be very responsible.

If Karina were my sister, I might hit her.

Fernanda: it means that with all personals pronouns we need to use were

Teacher: yes, like that example.

The conditional sentences are something difficult when we teach in high schools.

Teacher: any other questions.

Fist able I need to do chain with second conditional:

If I had a lot of money, I might buy a palace.

If I bought a palace, I would invite my friends.

If I were a singer, I would be a famous person.

If I were a famous person, I would travel to New York.

If I traveled to New York, I would practice the English language.

If I practiced the English language, I might improve my pronunciation.

If I improved my pronunciation, I might have a good level of English.

If I had a good level of English language, I might approve the TOELF test.

If I approved the TOELF test, I might be able to teach in a good way.

Date: May, 01, 2015

ZERO CONDITIONAL

Myriam: Introduction about zero conditional

We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like

a scientific fact.

This conditional when the result of something that might happen (In the present or future

) or might have happened but didn´t in the past.

The result of the conditional is an absolutely certainty

She is explaining about the structure

F Condition result

Present Simple Present Simple

If you heat ice, it melts.

Also we use zero conditional to show that one action, result, etc. always follows another.

This conditional is used when the result will always happen.

The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same

result.

ACTIVITIES INTO THE CLASS

MAKE ZERO CONDITIONAL

Karina asked: a question to Myriam :

We can use others tenses in the if conditional in the fist conditional?

Myriam answered: No we mustn´t use only present simple.

After that:

Carlos : explain with usefully exercises like:

Make zero conditional

People/eat too much/they/get/ fat)

If people eat too much they get fat.

(you/touch a fire/you/get burned)

If you touch a fire, you get burned

Modal in the result clause

Carlos.- explain with examples like:

I can´t drive if I don´t have my glasses

If you want to go to university, you must study hard.

Make zero conditional with unless.

In this conditional Diana said that we use unless to replace If …not in conditional.

Unless you do not study, you will lost the semester

Unless you do not eat something, you will not go out.

And finally Diana ended with the evaluation.

Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have

happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the

conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences

that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past"

because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened

in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In

all cases, these sentences are made up of an, if clause and a main clause. In many negative

conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead

of "if"

FOR NO POSSIBILITY

With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the

past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition.

These types of phrases are used to talk about situation that have not actually

happened, that is, talk about hypotheses.

The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream

coming true

Last week Carol bought a lottery ticket. But he did not win.

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.

Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the

lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true

because it is finished. We use the Past Perfect tense to talk about the impossible past

condition. We use would have + past participle to talk about the impossible past result.

The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are

impossible now.

Result if condition

would have + past participle Past Perfect

I would have told Mary if I had seen her.

I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday.

Their teacher would have been sad if they had not passed their exam.

Would you have stayed at home if it had rained yesterday?

If Condition Result

Past Perfect would have + past participle

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.

Result if condition

would have + past participle Past Perfect

What would you have done if it had rained yesterday?

1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.

If he hadn’t fallen asleep while driving, he wouldn’t have crashed his car.

2. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.

If we had had enough money, we could have gone to the concert

3. I lost I lost my job because I was late for work.

.I wouldn´t have lost my job if I had not been late for work.

4. The wind was so strong that the bridge collapsed.

If the wind had not been so strong, the bridge wouldn´t have collapsed

5 .I could call Sally because I had lost her number.

I could have called Sally if I hadn’t lost her number.

Date: June 1, 2015

REMEMBER ABOUT ALL CONDITIONALS

1rst conditional

Teacher: What refers the first conditional?

Lourdes: we use the first conditionals to talk about events which are possible.

Teacher: what is the structure of the first conditional?

Wilma: if +present simple+ will+ bare infinitive

Teacher: what are the tenses in first conditionals?

Mery:

If + Present simple + modal verb

Jaime:

If + Present simple + be going to

Mayra:

If + Present simple + imperative

Fernanda:

If + present continuous + will + bare infinitive

Jenniffer:

If + present perfect + will + bare infinitive

Adriana:

If + preset perfect + modal verb

Nancy:

Imperatives and or + will

Teacher: in orders words we can use present simple, present continuous, present perfect.

When we use first conditional we are talking about event that can happen.

2nd conditional

Teacher: what is a second conditional?

Teacher: the second conditional is about unlikely events.

Teacher: what is referring the second conditional?

Adriana: we use the second conditional for unlikely situations in the present or future.

Teacher: what is the structure for the second conditional? And give a examples.

Jaime: if +Past tense + would

If Adriana worked in class, it would be a miracle.

Grammar classes would be funny if Adriana participated.

Teacher: the second condition with past + conditionals like would, might

If I won a million dollars, I might have a palace

Teacher: what other tenses? And give an example.

Mayra: If + past simple + would

If I had enough money, I’d retire

Teacher: what other tenses? And give an example.

Alison: If + past simple + might

If I lost my job, I might go abroad for a while.

Teacher: what other tenses? And give an example.

3th conditional

Teacher: What refers the third conditional?

Sandra: we use the third conditional to talk about an event or situation that did not

happen in the pass.

Teacher: what is the structure of the first conditional? And give an example.

Karina: if +past perfect +would+ perfect

If I had visited Athens last year, I would have phoned you.

Teacher: but give more examples about third conditional?

Natalia:

If I had had enough money, I would have taken a taxi.

If I had been interested in the film, I would have gone to the cinema.

Teacher: but give more examples about third conditional.

Lourdes:

If we hadn’t taken the wrong turning, we wouldn’t have arrived late.

If she had had a car, she would have driven there.

MIXED CONDITIONAL

Teacher: what is the mixed conditional?

Mayra: sometimes we make sentences which mix Second and Third conditionals,

especially when a past event has an effect in the present.

Natalia: it is possibility in the past and real in the present.

Teacher: give me examples about mixed conditional.

Alison: If you hadn’t invited me, I wouldn’t have gone to the party.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

The third conditional talks about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that

did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional

is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

THIRD CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE

If + Subject + Had + Past Participle, + Subject + Modal + Have + Past Participle

We use should have, could have, and might have instead of would have.

Examples:

Could

If I had known about the party, I could have gone.

Should

If you had known about the party, you should have told me.

Might

If he had known about the party, he might have gone.

Would

If I had known about the party, I would have gone.

USES

IMAGINARY SITUATIONS IN THE PAST

This includes actions that did not happen in the past.

Examples:

If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.

If You had gone to the party, you would have met him.

ADVICE IN THE PAST

These sentences usually don't have an "if" clause, and can often be more direct.

Examples:

You should have saved your money.

You should not have gone with him.

Date: June, 29th, 2015

Theme: I WISH, IF ONLY

Myriam: Introduction about HOW TO USE 'WISH'

Using wish in the present tense

Present wishes indicate something that is "contrary to fact." That is, wishes are something

that is untrue but desired.

Here are some examples:

I wish that I had a sports car.

I wish that I were a doctor.

(The truth is I don't have a sports car.)

(I'm really not a doctor.)

For present wishes, the past tense is used in the that clause, because it indicates a

situation that is only imagined. Sometimes the word that is omitted. Notice you use

the past tense verb in the clause after wish.

She wishes (that) she had a diamond ring.

He wishes (that) he were rich.

To express possibility (can) use the modal could.

She wishes that she could sing.

I wish I could could use a computer well.

When a "be" verb is required, the word were is used, regardless of the subject.

We wish you were here.

I wish (that) I were taller.

We use wish + past continuous to express that we want to be doing a different action in

the present (or future).

I wish I was lying on a beach now. I'm sitting in the office.

I wish it wasn't raining. It is raining.

Using wish in the present and future tense

Wish + (that) + past simple:

We can use 'wish' to talk about something that we would like to be different in the

present or the future. It's used for things which are impossible or very unlikely.

I wish that I had a big house (I don't have a big house, but it's a nice idea!).

I wish that we didn't need to work today (we do need to work today, unfortunately).

We use wish + past continuous to express that we want to be doing a different action in

the present (or future).

I wish I was lying on a beach now.

I'm sitting in the office.

I wish it wasn't raining.

It is raining.

Diana: She explained WISHES ABOUT THE PAST:

Wish + (that) + past perfect:

We can use 'wish' with the past perfect to talk about regrets from the past. These are

things that have already happened but we wish they'd happened in a different way. This

use of 'wish' is very similar to the third conditional.

I wish that I had studied harder at school. (I didn't study hard at school, and now I'm sorry

about it.)

The she gave to the class the summary of patters using wish:

Carlos: He explained the use of IF ONLY

We use if only to express a strong wish that things could be different. It means the same

as I wish but is stronger. We use it to talk about past, present and future unreal

conditions.

We can make second and third conditionals more emphatic by placing only after if:

If (only) I knew the answer, I'd tell you.

If (only) I had revised more, I would have done better on my exam.

If only can be replaced with I wish, and the main clause can be omitted:

I wish I knew the answer.

I wish I had revised more.

We use if only + past verb forms to talk about a wish for the present:

If only he knew the truth. (He doesn’t know the truth, but he wishes he did)

ACTIVITIES INTO THE CLASS

Myriam, Carlos and Diana asked to the class some activities about the exposition:

Use wish + past simple / past perfect / would + infinitive to make sentences:

1. I miss my boyfriend. I wish he____hadn’t left__me.(leave)

2. My brother’s always waking me up. I wish he wouldn’t make so much noise .

(make)

3. I didn’t know my best friend was depressed. I wish she had told me (tell)

4. We don’t earn a lot of money. I wish we_were_ rich. (be)

5. I didn’t know were my girlfriend is. I wish she__would call__ me.(call)

Then Carlos explained and ask some questions about the use of If only:

◦ We use if only + past verb forms to talk about a wish for the present:

◦ If only he knew the truth. (he doesn’t know the truth, but he wishes he did)

◦ We sometimes use were instead of was in more formal situations:

◦ If only she weren’t so tired. (If only she wasn’t so tired.)

◦ To talk about a wish for the future or to show a contrast between how things are

and how we would like them to be, we use if only + would + infinitive without to:

◦ If only someone would buy the house.

◦ If only they would talk to each other.

◦ We use if only + past perfect to talk about a wish to change something that has

already happened:

◦ If only he had listened to what his friends had been telling him. (He didn’t listen.)

Today is friday, July 3, 2015. At 15:00.

We started grammar classes, at first, We talk about scores, Evaluations, expositions

we discuss about evaluation that we have to take on July 21, and we deside to ommit the

grammar evaluation becouse of internal evaluation for agreement od our career.

Teacher asks the scores of each students about all like, expositions, quiz, homework, and

so on.

Karina gives the Quiz scores.

Rita gives the homework scores.

Jaime gives the exposition scores.

Master Magnadelana Ullauri copy all the scores about everything. We were sitting and

splainning about each activity that we developed until here since we started the semester.

Nathalia didn’t bring the sanwiches and soda. Master Magdalena Ullari decide to score

with 10 to Karina because she is doing a lot of work of 8th semester “B”, then she told us a

experience that she had with her teacher. She said her teacher used to scored many ceros.

Sometimes happens that some mistakes. Never is 100% sure.

Today we have two expositions.

Natalia Jaime Alison Topic: Vocabulary.

That is what today we study and discuss during the class time. Thank you very much

everyone. Have a wonderful evening. Bye