Grammar Preparation for TOEIC Test

Reading Part 5-6 : Incomplete Sentence & Text Completion

Theme• Office issues • Financial issues• Sales and marketing• Business transactions • Schedules

Grammar issues • Verb tense• Verb form• Subject-verb agreement • Pronouns

• PrepositionsVocabulary issue Word families (related

words) Parts of speech Transportation Tourism Dining out Entertainment Weather Transition words Comparative adjectives

Adverbs Time clauses Conditionals

Incomplete Sentence You will choose the best words or phrases to complete sentences

The reading passagesinclude a variety of typeslike those you might see incommon business oreveryday contexts. TheyMay be of the followingtypes

• E-mails • Letters• Memos • Instructions • Notices • Articles • Advertisement

Text Completion You will read passages with incomplete sentences and choose the best words or phrases to complete these sentences

Part of Speech

S. singular + V. singular

Anna reads book.

S.plural + V.plural

Anna and Ed read book.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Countable/ UncountableSingular/ Plural

PositionSuffix

Noun

Countable NounSingular Form         boy       potatowatch                      

     country                        leaf                            manfish--

Plural Form boys  potatoesWatchesCountriesLeavesMenFishPantsclothes

Uncountable noun[abstract, food, subject, field, weather, language, sport,

activity, category]

Be treated as singular noun

water       sugar        bread           dust      sand        hair     

reading jogging scrabble chess skateboarding advice   possibility reputation laziness importancefamily        staff        team        army        crowd     government     club     gang        band        committee

Countable Uncountable

A Many Few A few

Much Little A little

Determiner

Countable and uncountableThe, some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, no

Singular Plural

Countable a boy, an apple, one

boxUncountable happiness, advice,

flattery

S.singular + V.singular

3 cats, 3 men, 5 goose, 2 busses

S.plural + V.plural

Singular or Plural

Education - educatePermission - permitEntertainment - entertainDepartment - departSignal - signSurvival - surviveSlavery - slaveFishery - fishCoverage -coverStorage - storeInsurance -insure

Suffix noun/ verb/ adjective + suffix

Existence - existConstituent - constituteDispatcher - dispatchInstructor - instructPediatrician - pediatricsSpecialist - specialPartnership - partnerSincerity - sincereCompleteness -

completeAccuracy - accurateDeath - dead

Personal (I, you, she, he, it, etc.)

Demonstrative (this, these, that, those)

Relative (who, whom, which, that, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever)

Pronoun

After adjective, article, quantifier, determiner, or preposition

Before verb

Position of Noun

*Nouns can be replaced by pronoun

Position of Noun A lionfish is a swimming paradox. It is

painted in fierce hues of orange and white but it has an almost melancholy expression.

It has fearsome venomous spines sticking out of its back, but elegant fan-shaped fins protruding from its side.

And although it floats with an indolent air, it is actually an active and skilled predator—one that hunts in teams using surprisingly sophisticated tactics.

A lionfish is a swimming paradox. It is painted in fierce hues of orange and white but it has an almost melancholy expression.

It has fearsome venomous spines sticking out of its back, but elegant fan-shaped fins protruding from its side.

And although it floats with an indolent air, it is actually an active and skilled predator—one that hunts in teams using surprisingly sophisticated tactics.

"Our observations show that large loads of plastic fragments, with sizes from microns to some millimeters, are unaccounted for in the surface loads," says Cozar, who teaches at the University of Cadiz in Spain, by e-mail. "But we don't know what this plastic is doing. The plastic is somewhere—in the ocean life, in the depths, or broken down into fine particles undetectable by nets."

"Our observations show that large loads of plastic fragments, with sizes from microns to some millimeters, are unaccounted for in the surface loads," says Cozar, who teaches at the University of Cadiz in Spain, by e-mail. "But we don't know what this plastic is doing. The plastic is somewhere—in the ocean life, in the depths, or broken down into fine particles undetectable by nets."

Ms. Brown is a gifted speaker, and everybody_______ listening to her talks.(A) are enjoying(B) have enjoyed(C) enjoys(D) enjoy

Many environmental analyst recommend that nations reduce their ______ on non-renewable energy source.

A. Dependently

B. Dependence

C. Dependent

D. Depend

Those snacks on the table_______for this afternoon’s staff meeting.

(A) is(B) are(C) has(D) was

Several clients are visiting from out of town, and I asked_______to join us for dinner tonight.

(A) it(B) him(C)they(D) them

Ms. Jackson is interested in reading the marketing report and asked us to send_______a copy.(A) she(B) herself(C) hers(D) her

Both financial advisors recommend investing in pharmaceutical companies although Paul Laurinen is suggesting a wider ______ of stocks.

A. Select

B. Selected

C. Selection

D. Selective

All the employees working in this department_______ a formal evaluation at the end of the year.

(A) has received(B) is receiving(C) receives(D) receive

Since the closing of the community theater, many Corana resident have become strong ______ of public funding for the arts.

A. Supportive

B. Supporters

C. Supporting

D. Support

Our company usually_______a party for the entire staff at the end of the year.

(A) give(B) gives(C) have given(D) were giving

Mr. and Mrs. Spellborn will be joining the party late due to _____ son's school play.  a) they b) their c) theirs d) them

The last ________ for the new position did very poorly on his interview.  a) applying b) application c) applicant d) appliance

Form of verb

Infinitive Verb V.1 (Present) V.2 (Past) V.3 (Past participle)

V.ing (continuous)

do Do/does did done doing be Is/ am/ are Was/were been being have Have/ has had had having walk Walk/ walks walked walked walking

-ate fix (v.) - fixate (v.) -enfat (adj.) fatten (v.) -ify electric (adj.) -electrify (v.) -ize central (adj.) centralize (v.)

Suffixes of Verb

Amplify Beautify Certify Clarify Classify Identify Intensify Justify Modify Notify

Apologize Authorize Capitalize Centralize Characterize Advertise Analyze Organize Urbanize

Educate Facilitate Participate Concentrate Evaluate Validate Considerate Demonstrate

Sharpen Lighten Shorten Widen Frighten Moisten

• Enlarge• Entrain

Verb with suffix ending

Gerund VS Infinitive

Gerund Infinitive

function as nouns and are created from verb ending in -ing

Can appear at the same position with noun

frequently used as nouns and also as adjectives or adverbs

usually made up of the word to and the present tense of a verb

admitadviseappreciateavoidcan't helpcompleteconsiderdelaydenydetestdislikeenjoy

escapeexcusefinishforbidget throughhaveimaginemindmisspermitpostponepractice

quitrecallreportresentresistresumeriskspend (time)suggesttoleratewaste (time)

Verb followed by gerundEx. They enjoy working on the boat.

agreeaimappeararrangeask attemptbe ablebegbegincare choosecondescend

consentcontinuedaredecidedeservedetestdislikeexpectfailforgetgethappenhave

hesitatehopehurryintendleavelikelovemeanneglectofferplanpreferprepare

proceedpromiseproposerefuseremembersaystartstopsweartrywaitwantwish

Verb followed by to+infinitiveEx. She agree to speak before the game.

advise  attempt  bear begin  cease  continuedislike  fear  hate  intend  learn  like  love 

omit  plan prefer  propose start  

ForgetRememberTryRegretStop

allow  bid  encourage  forbid  feel  hear  let  make  notice  observe  recommend

Both gerund and infinitive

1. Alan can’t stand _________ on trains. (riding/ to ride)

2. Mr. Harris enjoys _________ people out to dinner. (inviting / to invite)

3. In the old days, gentlemen challenged their rivals _______. (fighting / to fight)

4. As the famous saying goes, there’s no use ______ over spilt milk. (crying / to cry)

5. Jim stopped _________ his shoelace. Wait for him. (tying / to tie)

6. My wife always volunteers ___________ cakes PTA meetings. (baking / to bake)

7. Don’t waste my time ___________ about your salary. (complaining/ to complain)

8. Eva is having trouble _________ on the exam. (concentrating / to concentrate)

9. Please allow me ____________ your Facebook page. (joining / to join)

10. You won’t forget _________milk on your way home, will you? (picking up /to pick up)

The new loading dock for incoming delivery trucks plans ________ by the end of this month.  a) opened b) open c) to open d) opening

When the photocopier jams, I always get Jason _______ it.A.fixB.to fixC.to correctD.fixing

I remember ………. the door this morning when I left.

A) to lockB) to have lockedC) lockingD) lock

 __________________________ that for another meeting.

 a) Let's to leave b) Let's be leaving c) Let's leave

Please ask Robert _________________to the meeting.  a) to be coming b) to come c) come

She finished…….the report during the weekend.

A) typeB) to typeC) typingD) typed

Not transform Ex.

Will + V. infinitive

Such aswill, can, could, shall, may, must……….

Modal Verb

Verb Tense

Tense Form or Aspect

PresentV.1

PastV.2

Futurewill + V. infinitive

Simple   tense   V

Continuous  tense   V. to be + V.ing

Perfect  tense    V. to have +V. 3

Perfect  continuous  tense V. to have + been +

V.ing

Tense Chart

Tense Aspect

Present Past Future

Simple S + V.1 S + V.2 S + will + V. infinitive

Continuous S +is/am/are + V.ing S + was/were + v.ing S+ will+ be + V.ing

Perfect S + has/have + V.3

S+had+V.3 S+ will + have + V.3

Perfect Continuous

S + has/have + been + V. ing

S+ had + been + V.ing S+ will + have+ been + V.ing

Subject of sentence is not the performer but is the receiver of the action

V. to be + V.3

Harry ate (v.2) six shrimp at dinner. (active)At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)

Sue changed the flat tire. (active)The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive)

I will clean the house every Saturday. (active)The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday. (passive)

Passive Voice

Tense Aspect

Present Past Future

Simple active S + V.1 S + V.2 S + will + V. infinitive

passive S+ is/am/are + v.3

Continuous active S +is/ am/are + V.ing

passive S + is/am/are + being + v.3

Perfect active S + has/have + V.3

passive

Perfect Continuous

active S + has/have + been + V. ing

passive

The software developers __________ investigated the latest problem.

 a) are just  b) still  c) have yet  d) have already 

While the stock ________ , the staff worked in the evenings.

 a) was checked  b) check  c) was being checked  d) has been checked 

I __________________________ to a trade fair until I went to the one in Las Vegas last month.

  a) had never been  b) was never  c) have never been

By the time my boss gets here, I _________________ my report.   a) will have finishedb) would be finishedc)  finish

Our office usually __________________________ at 5:00 PM, but today we're staying open until 6.

  a) closes  b) is closing  c) closed

 I __________________________ the approval of three committee members before Bob signed off on the project.

  a) had already gotten  b) did already get  c) have already gotten

 By the time you ______ with them, they will have the problem solved.

A.meetB.have metC.are meetingD.met