Grammar Book SP3Isabel Vogt

El Preterito Preterite Triggers Car.Gar.Zar Spock Verbs Snake and Snakey Cucaracha Verbs El Imperfecto Imperfect Triggers Imperfect Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Verbs like Gustar Comparatives and Superlatives Comparative/Superlative Irregulars Estar Ser Transition Words El Futuro Triggers for Future Future Irregulars Par Por

Table of Contexts

Preterite is used when you are talking about the past -ar é

asteóamosasteisaron

Er/ir í

isteióimosisteisieron

Ex. Ella caminó por el parque.

Preterite

Words that are used with the preterite to signal the preterite is being used.

Ayer Anteayer Anoche La semana pasada Ex. Ayer lavé mi carro

Trigger words

Irregular preterite -car –gar –zar only take place in the “yo” form,

otherwise use the regular preterite conjugation Verbs that end in –car conjugate to qué Ex. Sacar saqué, sacaste, sacó, sacamos, sacaron Verbs that end in –gar conjugate to gué Ex. Llegar llegué, llegaste, llegó, llegamos, llegaron Verbs that end in –zar conguate to cé ex. Cruzar crucé, cruzaste, cruzó, cruzamos,

cruzaron

-car –gar –zar

The “hand” irregulars Ir- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Dar- di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron Ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron Hacer- hice, hizo, hicimos,hicieron

Spock Irregular Verbs

Snake (e>i) pedir, preferir, competir, reptir, servir.

(o>u) dormir, morir, sirvió durmió Snakey Leer, creer, oir I changes to y in 3rd person Leyó Creyó oyó

Snakey + snake verbs

Andar anduv- Estar estuv- Poder pud- Poner pus- Querer qurs- -e (yo), -iste (tú), -o (el, ella, ud.) Saber sup- -imos (nostros), -ieron (ellos, ellas, uds.) Tener tuv- Venir vin-

Conducir conduj- Producir produj- Traducir traduj- -no i Decir dij Traer traj

Cucaracha Verbs

Indicates a continuous action Imperfected time Very distant past

El Imperfecto

ía íamos

ías íais

ía ían

-AR -er/ir

aba abamos

abas abais

aba aban

Imperfect Triggers

Imperfecto

•siempre•A veces•Cada dia•Todos los dias•Mientras•A menudo

Imperfect Irregularsiba ibamos

ibas ibais

iba iban

era éramos

eras erais

era eran

veía veíamos

veías veíais

veía veían

IR

SER

VER

Definite time in the past

definite beginning and endingPerfected Time

“snapshot”

Preterite

Very distant past

No definite beginning and endingImperfected time

“movie”

imperfect

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Verbs like Gustar

Encantar- to love

• Faltar- to fail

Doler- to hurt

• Disgustar- to disgust • Gustar- to like• Interesar- to interest • Molestar- to bother

-Used in the conditional tense to soften a request/ command-When followed by one or more infinitives, singular is used

Comparatives & superlatives menos adjecti

ve que

adjective

más que

El/la más adjective

de

el menos adjective de

Comparative/Superlative Irregulars

Bueno- mejor

Malo-peor

Viejo-mayor

Joven-menor

Comparative/Superlative Irregulars

Estoy Estás Está Estamos Están Use estar when you are talking about the following… H-health E-motion L-location P-resent condition I- Identification N-ar = ando G- er/iedno Ex. La manzana está verde.

Estar

Soy Eres Es Somos Son Use Ser when you are talking about the following…. D- description O-origin C- characteristics (personality) T- time O-occupation R-relationship P-possession E-events D-dates Ex. Ella es callada.

Ser

A pesar de •In spite of

aunque •Even though

mientras •while

Transition words

pero •but

Por lo tanto •therefore

Sin embargo •nevertheless

No obstante •nevertheless

También •also

Infinitive plus ending -ar, -er, & -ir all the same I will, you will, he/she will, they will, we will

Future

-é -emos

-ás -éis

-á -an

El proximoMañanaEn

Triggers for Future

Caber—cabr Decir—dir Haber—habr Hacer—har Hay—habrá Poder—podr Poner—pondr Querer—querr Saber—sabr Salir—saldr Tener—tendr Valer—valdr Venir--vendr

Future Irregulars

Passing through..PORtal General rather than specific

location..PORtugal How long something lasts..PORever An exchange Doing something in place of or instead of

someone else..I'm POoR, pay for me Means of transPORtation

Por

For whom something is done..surprise PARAty

Destination.. PARAguay The purpose of which something is

done..PARAsite To express an opinion…PARAdon me To contrast of compare To express idea of deadline… PARAmedic

Para