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Grammar Book Christina Hoggs

Grammar book

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Page 1: Grammar book

Grammar BookChristina Hoggs

Page 2: Grammar book

Table of Contents

1. Nationalities 2. Stem-Changing Verbs 3. Para 4. IOP 5. Pronoun Placement 6. Gustar 7. Affirmative/Negative Words 8. Superlatives 9. Reflexives 10. Affirmative Tu Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

11. Negative Tu Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

12. Sequencing Events

Page 3: Grammar book

Nationalities

Page 4: Grammar book

Stem-Changing Verbs

O to UE (Contar)

Cuento Contamos

Cuentas Contais

Cuenta Cuentan

E to IE (Entender)

Entiendo Entendemos

Entiendes Entendeis

Entiende Entienden

E to I (Servir)

Sirvo Servimos

Sirves Servis

Sirve Sirvemos

U to UE (Jugar)

Juego Jugamos

Juegas Jugais

Juega Juegan

Page 5: Grammar book

Para

To indicate destination

To show how something is used

To indicate a recipient

To express a deadline or specific time

To express a contrast from what’s expected

To mean “in order to” or “for the purpose of”

Page 6: Grammar book

IOP

SngularIOP

Me (me)

Te (you informal)

Le (you formal, him, or

her)

PluralIOP

Nos (us)

Os (you all

familiar)Les

(them)

Page 7: Grammar book

IOP Cont.

Juan me da el dinero Juan gives me the money

Sara les compra un regalo Sara buys them a gift

Trudy me dice un relato Trudy tells me a story

El mesero les da el menu The waiter gives them the menu

Nosotros les dan la pelota We give them the ball

Page 8: Grammar book

Pronoun Placement•Su

zie darle la lechuga

•Tim comprarme el arroz

Attached to an infinitive

•Estoy mirandolo

Attached to a gerund

•Me despierto en mi cama

•Te acuestas a las once

Before a conjugated

verb

Page 9: Grammar book

Gustar

Singular Gustar

Me gusta la plata

Nos gusta plata

Te gusta la plata

Os gusta la plata

Le gusta la plata

Les gusta la plataPlural Gustar

Me gustan las ideas

Nos gustan las ideas

Te gustan las ideas

Os gustan las ideas

Le gustan las ideas

Les gustan las ideas

Page 10: Grammar book

Affirmative/Negative Words

Algo (Something)

Alguien (Someone)

Algun/alguno(a) (Some)

Siempre (Always)

Tambien (Also)

Nada (Nothing) Nadie (No one)

Ningun/Ninguno(a)

(None, Not any)Nunca (Never)

Tampoco (Neither, Either)

Page 11: Grammar book

Superlatives

Equivalent to extremely or very before an

adjective or adverb

• Malo > Malisimo• Muchas > Muchisimas• Dificil > Dificilismo

Adjectives and adverbs ending in c, g, or z

change spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively

• Rico > Riquisimo• Feliz > Felicismo• Larga > Larguisima

Adjectives that end in n or r form by adding

cisimo/a

• Joven > jovencisimo• Trabajador > Trabajadorcisimo

Page 12: Grammar book

Reflexives

In reflexive verbs, the subject is always the object

How to form reflexive verbs

1. Conjugate verb (o, as, a, amos, ais, an)

2. Add the reflexive

pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os,

se)

Ex. Me despierto

Page 13: Grammar book

Affirmative Tu Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

Di Decir

Haz Hacer

Ve Ir

Pon Poner

Sal Salir

Se Ser

Ten Tener

Ven Venir

Put into 3rd person Keep in tu

form and drop s

When using a pronoun with an affirmative tu command, the pronoun attaches to the end of the command

Ex. Cruza el parque > Cruzalo

Page 14: Grammar book

Negative Tu Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

Tener No tengas

Venir No vengas

Dar/decir No des/digas

Ir No vayas

Ser/salir No seas/salgas

Hacer No hagas

Estar No este’s

Saber No sepas

1. Put in yo form

•Como

2. Change vowell (e/I to a and a to e)

•Coma

3. Add s

•Comas

Object pronouns precede the verbs in negative commands, just like other conjugated verbs

Ex. No lo uses (Don’t use it)

Page 15: Grammar book

Sequencing Events

Primero (First)

Entonces (Then)

Luego (Later)

Despues (After)

Por fin (Finally)

Antes de (Before) Despues de (After)

Por la manana/tarde/noch

e (in/during the (NO SPECIFIC TIME

GIVEN))

Los lunes, etc. (On Mondays, etc.)

Reoccurring