1. Present- ar, er, ir2. Stem changers

3. Irreglars- go, zco

4. Saber vs. conocer

5. Reflexives

6. Se impersonal

7. Present tense with dipthongs

8. Verbs like gustar

9. Verbs like-uir/guir-cer/cir- ger/ gir

10. Hacer+ ______+que+ present

11. Ser vs estar12. Imperfect

13. Preterite

14. Car, gar ,zar

15. Spock

16. La cucaracha

17. Snake

18. Snakey

19. Comparatives/ superlatives

20. Future

Ando Andamos

Andas Andais

Anda Andan

-ar conjugation of Andar

Como Comemos

Comes Comeis

Come Comen

-er conjugation of comer

Describo Describimos

Describes Describeis

Describe Describen

-ir conjugation of describir

e-ie perder-pierdes

e-i pedir-pides

o-ue dormir-duermo

u-ue jugar-juegan

* No changes in Nosotros and Vosotros

„zco‟ verbs – conozco (-cer/-cir)

› Conocer, producir, conducir

„go‟ verbs – caer (se)

› -ir, poner, traer, venir

People FactsBaldo sabe mi amigo La guitarra conoce naranja.

Me, Te, Se, Nos, Os, Se

Can be attached onto an infinitive verb

Banate!

Used when the subject is not clear but its

human

Weak vowels – i/y & u

Strong vowels – a, e, & o

Break up dipthongs for stress

Estudiar and limpiar don‟t need accents because the stress is not placed on the “i”

• Gustar is the verb to like. Which form of the verb is

used depends on whether the direct object is

singular or plural.

• Ex. Singular: Nos gusta la musica

• Ex. Plural: Me gustan sus guitarras.

• GUIR in the yo form, the gu = g

• UIR = add a y before the letters a, e, and o

• CER/CIR = in yo form = c to az

• GER/GIR change the g to aj

Shows amounts of time that whatever is

being done took

Hacer + time to finish action + que +

verb being completed

Yo = Soy el

Tu = Eres ella

usted

Yo = Soy We = Estamos

Tu = estas Tu = estais

3rd = esta 3rd - estan

es

-from

-In the present (current)

D.O.C.T.O.R.P.E.D H.E.L.P.I.N.G

To express what used to happen, or happened repeatedly in the past

To describe people or things in the past tense

To describe a state of mind, an opinion, or feeling in the past

To express the time of day in the past

Action interrupted by another action

To set the stage, describe a situation or setting

iba

ibas

iba

ibamos

iban

era

eras

era

eramos

eran

veia

veias

veia

vieamos

vian

IR SER

VER

Trigger Words = Siempre, A veces, A

menudo, Cadadia, Todos los dias

To express what

used to happen, or

happened

repeatedly in the

past

To describe people

or things in the past

tense

To describe a

state of mind,

an opinion, or

feeling in the

past

Dar/ ver

D/ Vi

D/ viste

D/ io

D/ imos

D/ ieron

Hacer

Hice

Hiciste

Hizo

Hicimos

Hicieron

Ir/ Ser

Fui

Fuiste

Fue

Fuermos

Fueron

Andar-> Anduv

Estar -> estuv

Poder -> pud

Poner -> pus

Querer -> Quis

Saber -> sup

Tener -> tuv

Vener -> vin

Trigger Words

•Un dia

•Una vez

•Ayer

•Hacer un ano

•Ya

Snake

•E -> I

•O -> u

Snakey

•O ->y

•E -> y

Mas/Menosadjectiveque

Mas/Menosadjectivede

Bueno/a -> mejor

Malo/a -> peor

Grande -> mayor

Pequeno/a -> menor

Joven -> menor

Viejo/a -> mayor

Trigger Words

• La semana

• Proxima

• Manana

• Pasado semana

• Ano

• Pasado ano

1. Preterite vs. Imperfect

2. Future vs. Conditional

3. Por

4. Para

5. Por vs. Para

6. Commands

To express what

used to happen,

or happened

repeatedly in the

past

To describe

people or

things in the

past tense

To describe a

state of mind, an

opinion, or

feeling in the

past

Trigger Words

•Un dia

•Una vez

•Ayer

•Hacer un ano

•Ya

Future = WILL

Conditional = WOULD

E emos

As eis

A an

Ia iamos

Ias iais

Ia ian

IRREGULARS

FOR BOTH

tendr-

vendr-

pondr-

saldr-

sabr-

podr-

habr-

cabr-

dir-

har-

querr-

Trigger Words

•La semana

•Proxima

•Manana

•Pasado semana

•Ano

•Pasado ano

Along, through, around, by or about

Time or duration

Cause (not porpose)

Per

Supporting or in favor of

Agent of an action

Means of transportation

Numerous expressions

For the purpose of or in order to

For the benefit of or directed to

To or in the direction of a specific place

By or for referring to a specific time

Por:

Through- Portal

Location- Portugal

Time- Porever

Cause of- Porpose

Exchange-

Import/Export

Means of doing

something inplace

of someone else- I‟m

por, pay for me

Para:

Destination- Paraguay

Purpose- Parasites live

in your body to stay

alive

To make an opionion-

Paradon me, but…

Compare/Contrast-

Compara

Deadline- Paramedic

TuPositive: Drop

the „s‟ of the

second tú form.

Irregulars: di,

haz, ve, pon, sal,

sé, ten, ven

Negative: Put it

in the „yo‟ form

and change the

ending to the

opposite vowel,

add an „s‟

Irregulars:

TVDISHES

UstedPut it in

the „yo‟

form and

change the

ending to

the

opposite

vowel.

Irregulars:

TVDISHES

NosotrosPut it in the

„nosotros‟

form, add the

opposite

ending

Irregulars:

TVDISHES

It‟s formed by using the present tense of

the auxiliary verb “haber” with the past

participle.

He

Has

Ha +

Hemos

Han

-ar verb: drop infinitive

ending and add –ado

-er/-ir verb: drop infinitive

ending and add -ido

The direct object pronouns are: me, te,

lo/la, nos, los/las.

The indirect object pronouns are: me, te,

le, nos, les.

-Positive: Giver her the ball.

Dé la pelota a ella.

Désela. (Give it to her.)

-Negative: No se la des.

Adverbs are formed by adding –mente to

the feminine singular form of the

adjective.

Some adverbs don‟t add –mente. Some

are: bastante (quite), demasiado (too),

mal (badly), mucho (a lot), muy (very),

nunca (never), peor (worse), poco (little),

and siempre (always).

The subjunctive is not a tense, it‟s a mood. Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood reflects how the speaker feels about the action.

Wish, want

Emotion

Doubt

Denial

Impersonal expression

Negation, non-existing

God, guess

Wedding for short

Ir + present participle= slowly but surely ___-ing.

Andar + present participle= is going around ___-ing.

Seguir +present participle= is still ___-ing.