Spanish 3 Grammar BookZachary Hoggs

Table of Contents1.  Present Tense2. Stem Changers3. Irregular YO verbs4. Saber vs. conocer5. Reflexive verbs6. "Se" impersonal7. Verbs like gusta(an)8. Dipthongs9. Irregular verbs (ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir)10. Hacer expressions (Hace+ __________+Que+_____)11. Imperfect 12. Preterite Tense13. Car/Gar/Zar14. Cucaracha Verbs15. Snake/Snakey16. Comparatives/Superlatives17. Future

Present Tense-ar -er ir

Yo O O O

Tú -as -es -es

Él/Ella/Usted -a -e -e

Nosotros/as -amos -emos -imos

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

-an -en -en

Hablar:HabloHablasHablaHablamosHablan

Ver:VeoVesVeVemosVen

Vivir:VivoVivesViveVivimosViven

Stem Changers Verbs that have a spelling change when

conjugated in all forms except nosotros, and vosotros.

e -> ie (Querer) e -> i (Pedir) o -> ue (Dormir) u -> ue (Jugar)

Irregular VerbsIrregular verbs in the present tense. Go Verbs

Verbs that have a –go ending in the “yo” form. Hacer -> hago Poner -> Pongo Tener -> Tengo

Zco Verbs Verbs that add a “Z” berfor the “C” in the “yo” form.

Producir -> Produzco Traducir -> traduzco Introducir -> Introduzco

Sober V.S Conocer Saber:

Use saber to express knowledge, or lack of knowledge, of information, or the performance of a skill. No sé donde está Sé cocinar como un chef. Sé todo el alfabeto en español.

Conocer: Use to express familiarity with a person, place,

or thing. Conoces a mi hermana?

Reflexives In a reflexive sentence the subject is the same

as the object. Reflexive verbs are followed by a reflexive

pronoun.Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun Example

Yo Me Me peino el pelo

Tú Te Te peinas el pelo.

Él/Ella/Usted Se Ella se peina el pelo.

Nosotros/as Nos Nos peinamos el pelo.

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Se Ellos se peinan el pelo.

“Se” Impersonal Verbs that are not directed towards a

specific person, place, or thing.

Dipthongs Some verbs require an accent to place stress on

proper syllables for correct pronunciation. A dipthong is a weak vowel(I,y,u) and a strong vowel(a,e,o) or two weak vowels coming together to form one syllable. An accent is placed on the weak vowel.

Esquiar-”To ski” Esquío Esquías Esquíos Esquiamos esquían

Ger/Gir Verbs In the present tense, verbs that end

with -ger or –gir changes the g to a j in the yo form

Coger Cojo Coges Coge Cogemos Cogen

Exigir Exijo Exiges Exige Exigimos Exigen

Imperfecto Used to explain what continuously happened, to

describe people or places, explain a feeling, tell the time of day, to tell what an action was interrupted by, or to describe a setting in the past.

-ar -er/-ir

Yo -aba -ía

Tú -abas -ías

Él/Ella/Usted

-aba -ía

Nosotros/as -abamos --íasmos

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

-aban --ían

Hace+ ____ + Que+ ____ Shows length of time in which the action

has taken place. Hace+ (time) + que + (Present tense form

of verb)

Preterite Past tense Known beginning, and ending “Snapshot” of time

Trigger words for Preterite Ayer Anoche Anteayer La semana pasada…..

Preterite endings E I Aste Iste O io Amos imos Aron Ieron

Irregulares EN YO: Car - que Gar - gue Zar - ce

Spock: Irregular Hacer

Ir Ser

Dar Ver

Cucaracha Andar-anduve Estar-estuve Pder-pude Poner-puse Querrer-quise Saber-supe Tener-tuve Venir-vine Conducir-conduje Producir-produje Traducir-traduje Trajer-traje Decir-dice

Snake/ Snakey Stem Changers(3rd person)

Dormir -> Duermo Y Changers

Leer:lei leimosleisteleyo leyeron

Comparatives/Superlatives Mas/Menos +_________+ que

More/less than

Tan+ ______ + como As ____ as

• Tantos+ _______ (noun) + como

El Futuro Infinitive + e As A Emos An

Ir + a + infinitive = Immediate future