GRAMAR IV 

TOPIC: Adverbs: Use and Form

 

STUDENTS: Erika Yamasque

Janneth Caba

Gesica Ramirez

Erika Saigua

 

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN

ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS

What is an Adverb?

Adverb (noun): a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb, expressing manner, place, time or degree; a word that can modify a phrase, clause or sentence.

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

An Adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or pronoun. Adjectives may come before the word they modify.

An adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Examples: Examples:

That is a cute puppy.She likes a high school senior.

 

He speaks slowly. (modifies the verb speaks)

He is especially clever. (modifies the adjective clever)

ADVERBS: USEAdverb: We use adverb because it describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.Examples:

Verb + adverb Adjective + adverb

Adverb + adverb

Example: He drove carefully.    

    verb adverb    

  She sold her house quickly

    verb     adverb

Example: Her necklace was horribly expensive.

        adverb adjective

    She was terribly sorry.

        adverb adjective

Example: They played terribly badly.

      adverb adverb

  He did his homework absolutely correctly.

      adverb adverb

Adverb of time (when or where): An adverb of time tells us when something is done or happens.

Examples:

He collapsed and died yesterday. .

Last week, we were stuck in the lift for an hour.

Adverb of place (when or where): An adverb of place tells us where something is done or happens.

Examples:

We can stop here for lunch.

The schoolboy was knocked over by a school bus.

Adverb of degree (how much or how strongly): An adverb of degree tells us the level or extent that something is done or happens.

Examples:

Her daughter is quite fat for her age.

The accident victim nearly died from his injuries.

Adverb of frequency (how often): An adverb of frequency tells us how often something is done or happens.

Examples:

Peter seldom reads the Bible.

Sometimes he stays late in the office to complete his work.

Adverb of manner: An adverb of manner tells us how something is done or happens.

Examples:

The brothers were badly injured in the fight.

At the advanced age of 88, she still sang very well.

OTHER TYPES OF ADVERB

Linking Adverbs: Linking adverbs show a relationship between two clauses or sentences.

Examples:

I left my house in the morning [sequence] then I went to pick up Leanne at her house.

[cause]We talked until the early hours and [effect] consequently I overslept the next morning.

Comment Adverbs: Comment adverbs are usually placed before the verb, but may also appear before the subject of the sentence.

Examples:

I foolishly agreed to meet my ex-girlfriend.

Foolishly, I agreed to meet my ex-girlfriend..

When a phrase acts as an adverb, we call it an:

Adverbial phrase (or adverb phrase) is the term for two or more words which play the role of an adverb.

Examples:

I will sit in silence. (adverbial phrase)

On Friday night, I'm playing squash

Prepositional Phrases: Prepositional phrases are groups of words containing prepositions.

Examples:

We climbed up the hill.

We climbed up the very steep hill.

Noun Phrases: A noun phrase is a phrase that plays the role of a noun. The head word in a noun phrase will be a noun or a pronoun.

Examples:

I like singing in the bath.

I know the back streets.

I've met the last remaining chief.

Many adverbs end in -ly, but many do not. Generally, if a word can have -ly added to its adjective form, place it there to form an adverb.

Adjective + ly

Examples:HeShe

sad sadly quiet quietly

nervous nervously soft softly

Adjectives ending in –le form adverbs by changing –le to –ly 

Adjectives ending in -le »»» ly

Examples:12

terrible terribly capable capably

ADVERBS: FORM

Adjectives ending in –y form adverbs by changing –y to –ily.

 Adjectives ending in -y »»» ily

Examples:shehe

happy happily angry angrily

Adjectives ending in –y form adverbs by adding =ally  

 Adjectives ending in –ic >>>>> -ally

Examples The machine gives you your money back automatically.The soldiers fought heroically.

Automatic automatically Heroic heroically

Some adverbs which end in –ly come from nouns Examples Adjectives ending in -ly

friendly in a friendly way / manner daily daily

lively in a lively way / manner early early

lonely in a lonely way / manner monthly monthly

lovely in a lovely way / manner weekly weekly

silly in a silly way / manner yearly yearly

Some words have the same form whether they are used as adjectives or adverbs:

Irregular forms 

Examples

good well low low

fast fast straight straight

hard hard extra extra

long long doubtless doubtless

 Some words have double forms  

Double forms 

Example

hard hard hardly = kaum

near near nearly = beinahe

late late lately = in letzter Zeit