Government of Pakistan’s Policies and Strategies

for Addressing Environmental Concerns

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

Saadullah Ayaz

September 28, 2010

ENVIRONMENT RELATED POLICIES IN PAKISTAN

NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES

A. National Conservation Strategy

B. National Environmental Policy

C. National Sanitation Policy

D. National Water Policy

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D. National Water Policy

E. National Drinking Water Policy

F. National Forest Policy

G. National Rangeland Policy

H. National Operational Strategy for Clean Development Mechanism

(CDM)

A. NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (1992)

AIM

To facilitate integration of environmental considerations

in millions of daily economic, social and physical

decisions of individuals, households communities,

corporations and Government

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

� Conservation of natural resources

� Sustainable development

� Improved use and efficiency of management of resources

OPERATING PRINCIPLES

� Achieve greater public participation in development of env. Mgt.

� Integration of environmental economics in decision making

� Focus of durable improvement of quality of life

CORE AREAS UNDER NCS

� maintaining soils in croplands

� increasing irrigation efficiency

� protected watersheds

� supporting forestry and plantations

� restoring rangelands and improving livestock

� protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries� protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries

� conserving biodiversity

� increasing energy efficiency

� developing and deploying renewables

� preventing and abating pollution

� managing urban waste

� supporting institutions for common resources

� integrating population and environment programs, and

� preserving the cultural heritage

PROVINCIAL STRATEGIES UNDER NCS

� Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy (1996)

� Balochistan Conservation Strategy (2000)

� Northern Areas Strategy for Sustainable Development (2003)

� Sindh Strategy for Sustainable Development (2007)

� Punjab Strategy for Sustainable Development--

Integrated Development Visions

- Abbottabad (KPK)

- Badin (Sindh)

- Chitral (GB)

- Dera Ismail Khan (KPK)

- Gawadar (Balo.)

- Qilla Saifullah (Balo.)

B. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY (2005)

GOAL

To protect, conserve and restore Pakistan's environment in order to

improve quality of life of citizens through sustainable development

OBJECTIVES

� Conservation and efficient management of environment resources� Conservation and efficient management of environment resources

� Integration of environmental consideration in policy making and

planning process

� Capacity blinding government agencies and stakeholders for better

env. Mgt.

� Meeting international obligation inline with national aspirations

� Creation of demand for enviroemtn through mass awareness

SECTORAL GUIDELINES of NATIONAL ENVIRONMETNAL POLICY

� Water supply management

� Air Quality and Noise

� Waste management

� Forestry

� Biodiversity and Protected Areas� Biodiversity and Protected Areas

� Climate Change and Ozone delpetetion

� Energy Efficiency and Renewables

� Agriculture and Livestock

� Multilateral Environmental Agreements

� Cross-sectoral Guidelines (poverty, population, gender, health, trade,

local governance, disaster management)

C. NATIONAL SANITATION POLICY (2006)

GOAL

Aims at providing adequate sanitation coverage for improvement of

quality of life of the people of Pakistan and to provide physical

environment necessary for health life

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

� To ensure an open defection free environment, safe disposal of liquid,

solid, municipal, industrial and agricultural waste and promotion of

health and hygienic practice

� To link and integrate sanitation programs with the city and regional

planning policies of health, environment, housing and education

� To promote Lead Total Sanitation

� Develop guidelines to effective institutional framework

� Enhance capacity of government agencies and other stakeholders for

better sanitation and particularly water-borne diseases

� To develop and implement strategies for integrated management of

municipal, industrial, hazardous, hospital and clinical waste

� Meet international obligation in-line with national aspirations

� Change attitude towards sanitation services� Change attitude towards sanitation services

� Increase mass awareness

D. NATIONAL WATER POLICY

OBJECTIVES

� Efficient management and conservation of existing water resources.

� Optimal development of potential water resources.

� Steps to minimize time and cost overruns in completion of water

sector projects.

� Equitable water distribution in various areas and canal commands.� Equitable water distribution in various areas and canal commands.

� Measures to reverse rapidly declining groundwater levels in low-

recharge areas.

� Increased groundwater exploitation in high-recharge areas.

� Effective drainage interventions to maximize crop production.

� Improved flood control and protective measures.

� Steps to ensure acceptable and safe quality of water.

� Institutional reforms to make the managing organizations more

dynamic and responsive.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL WATER POLICY

� Holistic and sustainable resource

� protect the environment

� Planning, development and management of specific water resources

should be decentralized to an appropriate level

� Delivery of specific water services should be delegated to autonomous

and accountable public, private or cooperative agenciesand accountable public, private or cooperative agencies

� Services in a defined geographical area to their customers and/or

members for an appropriate fee

� Water use in society should be sustainable - with incentives, regulatory

controls and public education promoting economic efficiency,

conservation of water resources

� Protection of the environment - with a transparent policy framework

� Shared water resources within and between nations should be

allocated efficiently for the mutual benefit of all riparian users

� Promote cost effective and appropriate technological options for water

supply systems;

� Increase public awareness about water safety, safe hygiene practices and

water conservation;

� Enhance capacity of line ministries, departments, agencies and

organizations at all levels in planning, implementation and monitoring of

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water supply programmes

� Promote public-private-partnership for enhancing access of safe drinking

water and sustainable operation & maintenance of water supply systems;

� Promote research and development for enhancing access, effectiveness

and sustainability of water supply interventions; and

� Promote Inter-sectoral collaboration to maximize the impacts of water

supply interventions.

E. NATIONAL DRINKING WATER POLICY (2009)

GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

The overall goal of the National Drinking Water Policy is to improve the quality

of life of people of Pakistan by reducing incidence of death and illness caused

by water-borne diseases through ensuring provision of adequate quantity of

safe drinking water to the entire population at an affordable cost and in an

equitable, efficient and sustainable manner. The objectives of the Policy are

to:

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to:

� Provide access to safe and sustainable drinking water supply to the

entire population of Pakistan by 2025

� Ensure protection and conservation of water resources

� Promote measures for treatment and safety of drinking water

� Encourage community participation and empowerment in planning,

implementation, monitoring and operations and maintenance of water

supply systems

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

POLICY GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL DRINKIG WATER POLICY

� Increasing Access

� Protection and Conservation of Water Resources

� Water Treatment and Safety

� Appropriate Technologies and Standardization

� Community Participation and Empowerment � Community Participation and Empowerment

� Public Awareness

� Capacity Development

� Public-Private Partnership

� Research and Development

� Emergency Preparedness and Response

� Coordinated Planning and Implementation

� Legislation

F. NATIONAL FOREST POLICY (DRAFT)

GOAL

The policy aims at restoration, development, conservation and sustainable

management of forests and allied natural resources to ensure

sustainability of ecosystem functions, services and benefits for present

and future generations of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

� Restoration and maintenance of natural forests to preserve ecological

cycles, functions and services.

� Increasing productivity of forests to meet requirements of timber, fuel

wood, fodder and non-wood forest products and to promote

sustainable natural resource based livelihoods.

� Encouraging efficient utilization of wood and non-wood forest

products, maximizing wood substitution and development of

alternative renewable energy resources.

� Development of forest resource base to enhance carbon sequestration

capacity and mitigation of climate change effects,

� Mainstreaming sustainable forest management into sectoral policies,

plans and programmes

� Conservation of biological diversity, protection and sustainable use of

indigenous flora and fauna.

� Fostering public-private partnerships to enhance forest cover and � Fostering public-private partnerships to enhance forest cover and

promote commercial forestry in private sector and encouraging role of

civil society organizations.

� Strengthening forestry education and research institutions to cope

with the emerging challenges of deforestation and climate change.

� Creating mass awareness and involving local communities in

sustainable natural resource management.

� Meeting national obligations under Multilateral Environmental

Agreements especially CBD, UNCCD, UNFCCC and UNFF.

POLICY MEASURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST POLICY

� Protection of Forest Lands from Encroachments

� Transfer of Forest Land to Non-Forestry Uses

- Control of Encroachment

- Forest Fire management

- Regulating mining and quarrying

� Bringing additional Land under Tree Cover

� Firewood Substitution

� Sustainable livelihoods through Integrated NRM

� Transparency and Good Governance

� Wood Substitution and Impact Liberalization

� Grazing Regulation

� Forest Development Fund

G. NATIONAL RANGELANDS POLICY (DRAFT)

GOAL

To rehabilitate the degraded rangelands and pastures close to their

potential for increased productivity enhance their environmental and

regulatory functions and services, increase and conserve rangeland

biodiversity besides mitigating the negative impacts of global climate

change through collaborative and holistic rangeland resources to

contribute to the livelihood improvement of the rangelands dependent

communities as well as to the national economy

OBJECTIVES

� To enhance the productivity and the related functions and services of

the rangeland ecosystem

� To promote rangeland enterprises for the livelihood improvement of

the rangeland dependent communities

� To conserve and maintain rangeland biodiversity

� To mitigate the negative impacts of global warming and climate change

especially related to the desertification

� To enhance the skill and capacity of the key stakeholders for the

sustainable management of the rangeland management

� To undertake applied and action research on the key problems of the

rangelandsrangelands

POLICY THRUSTS OF NATIONAL RANGELANDS POLICY

� Rangeland resource assessment and monitoring

� Collaborative and integrated rangeland resources Planning

� Rang resource rehabilitation and management

� Increase forage availability on other land use-

� Promotion of rangeland enterprises

� Management of rangelands for regulating sustainable water flow and

reduced sediment production

� Ecosystem rehabilitation for biodiversity conservation

� Mitigation of the impact of global warming and climate change

� Awareness raising about the significance and management of

rangelands rangelands

� Skill enhancement of the farmers and capacity building of the related

stakeholders

� Applied range research and technology development and transfer

� Financial resource generation

� Coordination and linkages development

H. NATIONAL OPERATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CLEAN

DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)- 2006

� The Strategy describes the functions and powers of the Designated

National Authority (DNA) for CDM in Pakistan

� Described institutional structure for CDM including; role of Prime

Minister’s Committee, CDM Steering Committee and Technical

Committees for managing CDM process in PakistanCommittees for managing CDM process in Pakistan

� Describes eligibility criteria for hosting CDM Project in Pakistan

� Describes process for grant of Host Country Approval to CDM projects

in Pakistan

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

HALF FULL?

OROR

HALF EMPTY?

HALF FULL? ACCOMPLISHMENTS

� Establishment of a Ministry of Environment� Establishment of EPAs� Establishment of Environment Sections in all P&D departments� Establishment of SDPI� Development of NEQS� Numerous donor funded projects secured� Large PSDP allocations� Large PSDP allocations� Numerous institutions focused on environment now functional in

almost all sectors� NIPA introducing environment as a major subject

� AWARENESS - Env. and conservation

� CONSULTATION PROCESSES

� ADVOCACY MORE POSSIBLE

� ENV. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN PLACE - Law and admin., some economic Incentives, gov’t, civil society, private sector

HALF-EMPTY?

LIMITATIONS

• DESIGN

• PROCESS

• OUTCOMES

…thank you

For more information”

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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

For more information”

Saadullah AyazCoordinator Climate Change/

Environmental Fiscal Reforms/

Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities

IUCN Pakistan

Email: saad.ayaz@iucn.org