Submitted To:-Prof. Dr. Rajesh Singh

Submitted By:-Utkarsh JamindarID:- 14169B.Sc.(Ag) Part-I

TOPIC :- GOLDEN RICE

Introduction• Golden rice is a variety of Oryza

sativa rice produced from genetic engineering• Biofortification-noun. The

creation of plants that make or accumulate micronutrients• Main purpose is to provide pro-

vitamin A to third world, developing, countries where malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency are common

Classification of Oryza sativa

Common Name: Asian Rice Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Anthophyta Class: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Oryza Species: O. sativa

Who Began the Golden Rice Project?

• Started in 1982 by Ingo Potrykus-Professor emeritus of the Institute for Plant Sciences• Peter Beyer-Professor of Centre for Applied Biosciences, Uni. Of

Freiburg, Germany• Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Swiss Federal

Institute of Technology, and Syngenta, a crop protection company.

• Golden Rice Humanitarian Board-responsible for the global development, introduction and free distribution of Golden Rice to target countries.

Effects of Malnutrition

• Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) include; night blindness, increased susceptibility to infection and cancer, anemia (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin), deterioration of the eye tissue, and cardiovascular disease• Nearly 9 million children die from malnutrition each

year. A large proportion of those children die from common illnesses that could have been avoided through adequate nutrition• The reduced immune competence increases the

morbidity and mortality rates of children

Goals: More is What We Aim For

• Mutate rice plants to produce carotenoids, or organic pigments, specifically β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) in the endosperm, the edible part of the grain

• Make Golden Rice accessible locally, free of charge to farmers, who are able to grow, save, consume, replant and locally sell Golden Rice

Vitamin A(Retinol)

How Does It Work?

• The addition of 2 genes in the rice genome will complete the biosynthetic pathway• 1. Phytoene synthase (psy) –

derived from daffodils• 2. Lycopene cyclase (crt1) – from

soil bacteria Erwinia uredovora• Produces enzymes and catalysts

for the biosynthesis of carotenoids (β-carotene) in the endosperm

• Presence of pro-vitamin A gives rice grains a yellowish-orange color, thus, the name ‘Golden Rice’

Controversy Against “Fool’s Gold”

HealthMay cause allergies or fail to perform desired effectSupply does not provide a substantial quantity as the

recommended daily intakeEnvironment

Loss of Biodiversity. May become a gregarious weed and endanger the existence of natural rice plants

Genetic contamination of natural, global staple foodsCulture

Some people prefer to cultivate and eat only white rice based on traditional values and spiritual beliefs