3. 1.Anglo-Nubian Haslong, wide, drooping ears and graceful
appearance Large Kind: 100 to 140 kg and the Average: 65 kg Some
have horns and some are hornless Coat color: Black,gray, white
shades of tan red, and white Comes from Nubia in the Northeastern
Africa. MilkProduction per day: 2 to 3 kg and the Butterfat Content
of Milk: 5% to 6%
4. 2.JummaPari/JumnaPari Hardy andthrives well in hotareas or
tropics Coat Color: Blackor White Milk productionper day: 2 kg
andits Butterfat: 5%
5. 3.Saanen Has a straightnose and erect ears,
well-builtwithmilky head and neck Coat Color: either pure or creamy
white Milk production per day: 3 kg and its Butterfat:4.3% Queenof
Dairy Goats longestmilkingperiod
6. 4.Toggenburg Comes from the Swiss Alps and knownto have
longer life Sturdy and Vigorous Color:Chocolate brownwith distinct
white stripes onthe face andwhite onthe legs below the knees Weighs
52 kgat maturity Average Milk Productionper day:4 kgandits
Butterfat: 3.81%
7. 5.FrenckAlpine Originatedin France Hasmulticoloredcoat
butwith no distinct markings Weighs about 56 kg DailyMilk
Production: 3 to 4 kg
8. 6.NativeGoats Small,stocky, andhardy
Coatcolor:Red,whiteorblack,or a combinationof thesecolors Weighs
about25to30kg at maturity AverageDaily Milk Production: 350gmonly
Canbefound throughoutAsia
9. CHOOSING THE BREEDING STOCK
10. THE BUCK Some important points to consider in selecting a
herd buck are as follows: 1. Vigor the buck should be the heaviest
in the herd. Its legs are strong and high-heeled. The chest should
be well- developed and must be free of physical defects. 2. Blood
Composition a purebred buck may be used for breeding. If purebreds
are not available, a crossbreed or an upgraded buck may be used. 3.
Breeding Quality the buck chosen should have the ability to
transmit his good qualities to his offspring or progency. This can
be detected by the rugged and course appearance of the head, neck,
and shoulders (masculine appearance) 4. Aggressiveness the buck
should be alert, active, and
11. THE DOE Some points to consider are the following: 1. Milk
Production the body should be wedge-shaped. The udder should show
plenty of capacity, pliable, soft, and balanced in shape with
formed treats. 2. Size large body size indicates that she will be a
good producer and is advantageous in milking. Ribs also should be
well-sprung. 3. Docility and Dairy Temperament the doe should not
create trouble and should be handled easily. This is shown by the
happy expression of the eyes. 4. Motherly Instinct the doe show
fondness and care for
12. BREEDING - increasing the animal population and improving
the performance of the herd. - Ideal Age for Breeding: 10 to 12
months and by that time the goat must already be capable of
sustaining the needs for pregnancy and lactation or milk
production.
13. 1. PUBERTY is known as the age of maturity. It is reaching
the age of three to four months. Bucks and does are not yet ready
for breeding at this age. 2. ESTRUS OR HEAT is the period when the
doe is ready to accept the buck. Usually this lasts two to three
days. 3. STROUS CYCLE is the period between two successive heat
periods where no conception happened. It runs from 18 to 24 days.
4. GESTATION PERIOD is the period between conception and kidding
(growth of offspring or pregnancy). The normal length of gestation
period is five months.
14. BREEDING PRACTICES FOR DOES The doe is generally fertile
and can become pregnant easily after one service. Common signs of
estrus are: 1. Shaking of tail from side to side 2. Bleating 3.
Urination 4. Mucus discharge from vulva 5. Riding other animals 6.
Vulva is swollen
15. REPRODUCTIVE FAILURES There are many reasons why some
female goats or does fail to conceive: 1. Infertile sperm from the
buck 2. Female disease vibriosis and brucellosis 3. Abnormal egg 4.
Overfat condition of the doe 5. Malnutrition or too weak
16. BREEDING PRACTICES FOR BUCKS - A buck is considered
superior if gain in weight, feed efficiency, and / or milk
production in his offspring are better that of the dam. - A buck
should: 1. Not be used until he is eight months old. 2. Not serve
more than ten or twenty does before he becomes one year old 3. Not
serve more than two per week. 4. Never be allowed to run with the
herd as some of the does may be bred too young. 5. Be changed often
to prevent inbreeding of the herd
17. - If he reaches more than a year old, the number of
services may be increased gradually. - If breeding is not
controlled, the breeding load should be 25 does for every buck. -
It is not, however, advisable to sell them but instead lease or
lend them for a specific period of time to other goat raisers with
contract of leave, cash arrangement, and conditions. - Bucks are
the highest breeding efficiency if combined and their services are
regulated.
18. BREEDING SYSTEM The goat breeding systems that may be
adopted are: 1. UPGRADING is the safest system and good for the
prospective breeder of purebred stock. It is mating of a native or
relatively unimproved parent with highly improved one. One may get
a purebred bucks to service a native doe. The Offspring are called
half-breeds. 2. INBREEDING is the mating of closely related goats
such as with brother and sister, parents with offspring. The raiser
of this system must be willing to cull the offspring if detected
with undesirable characteristics. This has been used in developing
most breeds of livestock.
19. 3. LINE BREEDING is considered the mild form of inbreeding
because the mating is only between half brother and sister. 4.
CROSSBREEDING is the mating of two different breeds, thus
increasing the size of the offspring particularly if two inbreeds
are crossed. 5. OUTCROSSING is the mating of unrelated animals,
within the same breed. Development is slow because the two animals
have different qualities.
20. HOUSING, FENCING AND FEEDING THE GOATS
21. For a goat house that can be built in the backyard, the
following can be done: 1. A shed of bamboo with nipa and cogon
roofing should be acquired. 2. A shed measuring 2x3 m can house two
mature goats. 3. The flooring should be made of bamboo slats
elevated one foot high for easy cleaning. 4. There should also be
spaces between to allow manure to fall through. 5. Build a feeder,
mineral box, hay tract, and water holder for better feeding
especially when the weather is bad. 6. The floor should be about 1
m off the ground. HOUSING
22. 1. A barn measuring 10 feet high is recommended. Nipa,
cogon, or galvanized iron sheets can be used as roof. 2. Its floor
may be made of wooden slats measuring 1 to 2 inches wide and must
be elevated approximately 3 feet to facilitate cleaning underneath.
3. Barn for the general herd should provide partition to separate
kids, pregnant does, milking does, and bucks. 4. The front of the
goat house should be provided with hay or forage racks, mineral
boxes, and water troughs so that the caretaker can feed the animals
outside. FOR A GOAT FARM
23. - The fence should at least 3 to 4 feet high. FENCING -
Fencing materials such as barbed-wire, hog wire, bamboo poles can
be used. - A hard wood, preferably yakal may be used as corner
posts since it could stand pressure - Each post should be dug deep
enough to prevent falling.
24. PROPER FEEING GUIDE FOR GOATS - Goats are by nature chewing
animals so a practical feeding program should be applied and is
based on the type and quality of roughage available. This is
because the quality of roughage determines both the amount and the
quality of concentrated needed.
25. FEEDING THE LACTATING DOE - A lactating doe should be fed
with good quality grasses and legumes. For every kilo of milk that
a doe gives, she should be fed with one kilo of concentrate. Fresh
water and loose coarse salt should be given abundantly.
26. FEEDING THE DRY DOE - Good-quality pasture and roughage
plus concentrate at a level of 0.2 to 0.7 kilogram per day is
usually recommended for pregnant, dry does. She should be
adequately fed with good, high quality feeds in order to build
reserves for coming lactation, and also to nourish the developing
fetus.
27. FEEDING THE YEARLINGS - Young goats should be provided with
enough nutrients for maintenance and growth. A space for exercise,
good quality grasses, and legumes are important for yearlings. Give
them one half kilo of concentrate a day.
28. FEEDING THE BABY GOATS - Allow the Baby goat to be with the
mother for the first five days. In this situation, the baby will be
able to suck the milk whenever it is hungry and also get the
colostrum needed for its good health. After 5 days the kid should
be with the mother during the day only. This should be done until
the kid is ready to be weaned at four to five months old.
29. Baby goats can be bottle fed if: 1. There are more than two
kids from a doe 2. A doe is not capable of nursing her own kids 3.
A doe died after delivery 4. If the goats milk is for consumption
or for sale
30. FEEDING THE BUCK - The buck for breeding should be fed
properly. He should be given one-half kilo of concentrate plus
twenty of grasses and legumes when not being used. When the buck is
scheduled for service, increase the concentrate to one kilo per day
to maintain his fertility and good condition.
31. COMMON FEED IN INGREDIENTS FOR GOATS
32. Goat feeds are classified to the amount of a specific
nutrient or the amount of digestible nutrients they provide. The
first classes of feed ingredients are: 1. ROUGHAGE feeds containing
large amounts of fiber. This includes fresh-cut grasses, legumes,
hays, and other similar feeds. Common examples are ipil-ipil,
napier, para grass, kakawate, and kadyos. 2. CONCENTRATE feeds
which are highly digestible but low in fiber. This includes all
grains and many byproducts of grains and animals such as rice bran,
corn bran, meat meal, molasses, and soybean oil meal. 3. ADDITIVES
chemical compounds which are used to improve growth rate and to
control disease in farm animals. Examples are antibiotics, enzymes,
antibacterial agents. Etc.
33. GOAT HERD HEALTH PROGRAM
34. A Herd Health Programfor goats is essentialin maintaining
the productivity of theanimals and to control the possibility of
disease outbreaks.
35. SOME PRACTICES FOR DISEASE PREVENTION: 1. Buy only healthy
and vigorous stocks. 2. Isolate new purchased stocks for at least
30 days before mixing with old herds. 3. Do not allow the entry of
other people except those who are in charge of taking care of the
herds. Keep production records, this is important in keeping track
of productivity in herds. 4. Keep production records, this is
important in keeping track of productivity in herds. 5. Have
regular deworming since internal and external parasites are common
problems in goats. 6. Have a continuing health monitoring of the
herd. Early detection of illness and treatment will prevent further
spread and diseases.