Goal 11Part 2

Chinese Civil War & Korean War (1950-1953)Witch HuntsEisenhower

Chinese Civil War

Chinese Communists VS. Chinese Nationalists Leader: Mao Zedong Leader: Chiang Kai-Shek

Soviet support U.S. support Communist Democracy

Result: Chinese Nationalist (U.S. supported) LOST!Communism spread to China!!!!

Nationalists fled to the island of TAIWANAmerican reaction: Containment didn’t work!!!

The Korean War (1950-1953)(The Forgotten War)

After WWII = Korea was divided because…..

North surrenders to S.U

S surrenders to Allies

N = Communism

S = Democracy

(pro-Western world /

Anti Communist)

North Korea ATTACKS South Korea

1950 – North Korea invades South Korea(Artillery provided by SOVIET UNION) FIRST MILITARY CHALLENGE OF THE COLD

WAR South Korea = wants HELP!

United Nations send troops! North Korea pushed S. Koreans all the way down to

a small area on the coast***************************************************** TURNING POINT OF KOREAN WAR

U.N. sends in AMERICAN TROOPS!!!!!

Korean War(1950-1953)

Foreign Policy

- Containment

Turning Point:

UN Involvement

Douglas MacArthur’s attack MacArthur and troops PUSH BACK the North Koreans Truman's WARNING: STAY AWAY FROM CHINA!!!!!!!

YALU RIVER: Border between China and North Korea MaCarthur sends troops closer!

CHINA joins North Koreans to fight U.S and South Koreans

MacArthur and WWIII?????Macarthur Vs. Truman MacArthur recommends attacking China Truman doesn’t like it! (Soviet connection to

China) – could trigger WWIII?!?! MacArthur goes to the papers and criticized

Truman! Truman FIRES MacArthur (1951)

Korean War Legacy (1950-1953)

(1) STILL SPLIT TODAY (North and South)

(2) NICKNAME: Forgotten War

(3) Ends in a “Stalemate”

(4) Divided on the 38th parallel

(4) CONTAINMENT IS NOT WORKING!!!!!!!!!!

What does this “unsuccessful war” prove about the Democratic Party?

New Republican President - Dwight D. Eisenhower

(1952-1960)

Primary Source Crawl Objective: To understand the international and domestic tensions

resulting from the Cold War Directions: Groups of 3 – 4 will analyze a primary document from

the Cold War era (beginning in 1945). Each group will bullet point the goals and establish an understanding of the underlying purpose of the program, speech or theme.

Each poster merely includes goals of “rebuilding” in postwar Europe.

Think about: What are the intensions behind democracy? What are the benefits to America? What are the goals and what will be the process?

Each group will place their poster in the room while you move around and analyze the other sources

DUE TODAY: Group poster / Chart

Cold War at HomeComplete FEAR of Communism (RED SCARE II)Loyalty Review Boards: Created under Truman

to investigate loyalty of federal government agents / questioning their loyalty to American intension

212 people were arrested and 29,000 resignedCivil liberty threat: investigated individuals were not allowed to see the evidence

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) (1947)

- investigations of communists influence in the “movie industry” in America

- sneaking in Communist propaganda in films! *Hollywood Ten – Ten “unfriendly” actors were

called to testify…didn’t want to testify = hearings were considered unconstitutional!

Outcome of Hollywood Ten = prison!Result: HOLLYWOOD BLACKLIST condemned actors that have “proclaimed” Communist backgrounds!

HUAC

“Its Okay –

We are Hunting

Down Communist!”

“reckless and NO concern for the innocent”

McCarthy (not MacArthur) Launches his WITCH HUNTS MOST FAMOUS (anti-Communist) activist =

Joseph McCarthy

Point: hunt down Communist

(Reminder: Palmer Raids after WWI)

- Political agenda?????

Attacks on suspected Communism

in the1950s = McCarthyism (def.)

______________________________________

*Root Communism out of American society

Causes and Effects of McCarthyism

Causes: (1) Communism threat (2) Soviets develop A-Bomb

(3) Korean War ends in stalemate (containment is not working)

Effects: (1) Americans were FORCED to take loyalty oaths

(2) Americans = scared to speak on public issues!

(3) Anti-Communism / Containment = American foreign policy during Cold War

*** CIVIL LIBERITES ***

2 spy CASES (Post WWII) Alger Hiss and The Rosenberg's)

(1) Alger Hiss – accused of spying for the Soviet Union in the U.S.

OUTCOME: RICHARD NIXON (Conservative Republican Congressmen) gained national fame for pursuing this case

- Nixon – elected Vice President

Spy Cases(The Rosenberg’s) Story: Soviets detonate an Atomic Bomb American fear went up Who told them how to do it????? Ethel and Julius Rosenberg – American

Communist activists (political Party) Plead the 5th Amendment Claimed Jewish heritage incriminated them (racism/

nativism / anti-Semitism) Found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death 1997 – Soviets released that Julius was a spy, but did

not give information about Atomic Bomb

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidency (1952-1960)“Modern Republicanism”

- Conservative – Money $- Liberal = People’s Rights

1949 – A-Bomb was detonated by S.U. H Bomb (Hydrogen) = Issue: MORALS!!!!!!!

- Race (U.S. v. S.U.) / U.S.= WON!- BUT, the S.U. made one a year later

Leads to

BRINKMANSHIP(1) Creation of Nuclear weapons (2) Shaved resources from army and navy and expanded the Air Force (to deliver bombs)

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

*Purpose: Spy (gather information) on “unfriendly / Communist” countries.Created because of Cold War confrontations

Eisenhower’s** DOMINO THEORY ** - the fall of one country after another to communism

Eisenhower& Civil Rights Eisenhower has the

power to extinguish the

harsh realities of the civil

rights crisis….

but doesn’t react

NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV

New Soviet Union Leader

1953 – 1964 after Stalin’s death

Similarity

Communism will take over the world BUT “Peaceful” world takeover

Difference

Denounces Stalin’s treatment of Soviet people

Warsaw Pact (S.U. version of NATO)Nikita Khrushchev West Germany joins NATO S.U. = SCARED Germany will attack themSo….. S.U. forms it’s OWN military Alliance

system = Warsaw PactNATO = U.S / Western European countriesWarsaw Pact = S.U. / Satellite Nations

Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)

S.U. begins to push Communism into the Middle East

Issued in 1957, a WARNING to S.U. on spreading Communism to theMIDDLE EAST

Example of Containment

Hungarian Uprising (1956)

Revolution in Hungary / Pro – Democracy

Liberal revolutionaries “DEMANDED”

Soviets to leave Hungary

Soviet Reactions:

- Soviet tanks rolled in and killed

over 30,000 Hungarians

- Soviets overthrew the Hungarian

government and established a

harsh Communist government

U.S. and United Nations Reaction:

NOTHING / Security Council didn’t allow it

COLD WAR IN THE SKIES

**** SPACE RACE ****October 4, 1957 = S.U. launched

****SPUTNIK****– 1st artificial satellite in space

- traveled around the earth with a

speed of 18,000 MPH / 90 minutes to

circle the Earth

American Reaction: Shock!

U-2 Incident

CIA begins to make “secret” flights over S.U. U-2 = plane Pilot: Francis Powers Soviets shot down the U-2 Powers parachuted into Soviet territory S.U. is MAD!!!!!!! S.U. DEMANDED an Apology – U.S. didn’t give oneResult: U – 2 incident opened the 1960s with a renewed

hatred between Soviet Union and U.S.

Dr. Jonas Salk

Developed a “vaccine” to

prevent the spread of “POLIO” MAJOR MEDICAL

ADVANCEMENT IN

AMERICA in the 50s

“Salk can Walk”

Polio Fighter!

Interstate Highway Act (1956)

Signed under Eisenhower =

MILES OF ROADWAYS More cars (AUTOMANIA) – need for more

roads Impact / Result: New roads = encouraged

the development of new suburbs away from cities / helped businesses

with shipping

White Flight

Millions of middle-class White Americans left the cities for the suburbs

Issue: “Chosen Isolation” from other cultures, plus resources went with them

White Flight directly impacts poor whites and all nonwhite cultures

Create a HEADLINE for each event below and describe TWO outcomes for each event

Chinese Civil War Korean War Loyalty Review Boards House Un-American Activities Committee Alger Hiss and the Rosenberg's McCarthyism Election of Eisenhower Brinkmanship Domino Theory Election of Nikita Khrushchev Hungarian Revolution Warsaw Pact Space Race U2 Incident Interstate Highway Act White Flight