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Should / Ought to / Had to : modals to give advice in present
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Should / Shouldn’t ,
Ought to,
Had Better / Had
Better Not
What’s the
difference
between
‘advice’ and
‘advise’?
• Advice is a noun /s/
• Advise is a verb /z/
• He gave me some
good advice. /s/
• He advised her to
stop smoking. /z/
Expressing advice in present:
i. SHOULD and OUGHT TO
Present and Future
We use should to talk about the present or future.
I should put on some sunscreen
right now, or else I ‘ll get a sunburn.
We should take another tour
tomorrow. I had so much fun
today!
Present
Future
Should / Οught to
“This is a good idea. This is good advice."
=
Should
You should obey
the traffic laws of
this city.
Ought to
Ought to = should =
= to give advice or talk about what is right to do.
I ought toget some
insect
repellent.
To sound more polite,
use I think or Maybe
before saying
“you should” or “you ought to.”
Maybe you
should
leave me
alone.
I think you
should buy
cheaper airline
tickets .
Forms of Modals ?
@ POSITIVE
should + (to) + simple verb
ought to + simple verb
He should to get a better map.
He should gets a better map.
simple
verb
He should get a better map.
Right or Wrong?
My clothes are dirty …
a- I should / ought to wash them.
b- I should to wash them.
c- I ought washing them.
×
×
@ NEGATIVE
Should + not + simple verb =[shouldn’t + simple verb]
Ought not to not used!
He should notbring so many
suitcases.
He ought not to exceed the baggage
limit.
shouldn’t :
Use only in informal situations.
You shouldn’tbe so afraid!!!.
Right or Wrong?
You need some extra sleep …
C - You should not (shouldn't) stayup late.
B - You should stay not up late.
A - You ought to not stay up late.
×
×
@ QUESTION
Should + subject + simple verb
Ought to ? not used in questions
Ought to is not usually used
in questions or negative statements.
Ought I to open
the window, dear?Should I open
Should he travel
so heavy? He will
pay a fine!
Right or Wrong?
a- Bob: I'm going to be late. What should do I ?
b.- Tom: You should run as fast as you can!
a- Bob: I'm going to be late. What should I do ?
b.- Tom: You should run as fast as you can!
×
I think you
should take
some warm
sweaters.
What should I pack for my trip to Japan?
You ought to
bring a
Japaneese
dictionary.
You shouldn’t
forget your
passport.
Practice 1Use should or shouldn’t +
simple verb
to give advice for each situation.
“suffers with chicken pox”
“over-loaded suitcase”
“careless climbing”
“uncertain destination”
“have hay fever”
Expressing advice in present:
ii. HAD BETTER
Had better
“This is a good idea / This is good advice
to avoid any
possible bad consequences ."
=warningadvice +
HAD BETTER
= should / ought to
A - Bob: I'm going to be late. What should I do ?
Tom: You had better run as fast as you can!
p o s s i b l e h i d d e n b a d c o n s e q u e n c e s :
You could miss your appointment with your boss.
You could lose the job interview .
Ann: I m’ afraid that I ‘ll have to drive
very fast to catch your train.
It will be dangerous!
Tom: You had better not drive so
fast!
p o s s i b l e h i d d e n b a d c o n s e q u e n c e s :
You could get a speeding ticket .
You could have an accident .
B -
@ POSITIVE
had better + (to) + simple verb
Right or Wrong?
She doesn’t study hard now…
a- She had better trying more for this test.
b- She had better try more for this test.
c- She had better to try more for this test.
×
×
@ NEGATIVE
had better + not+ simple verb =
[ ‘d better not + simple verb]
Right or Wrong?
This meat looks spoiled…
A - You had not better eat it.
B - You had better not eat it.
×
@ QUESTION
Had he better ?
not used in questions!
Given advice….
1. You can't wear shorts and a T-shirt
to a job interview!
You'd better change clothes before you go.
Possible bad consequences….
a. If you wear shorts and a T-shirt, you will get the job.
b. If you wear shorts and a T-shirt, the employer may think you are not serious
c. If you wear shorts and a T-shirt, you will look smart..
×
×
Given advice….
2. - I can't find my credit card. I have no idea
where it is.
- You'd better call the credit card company.
Possible bad consequences….
a. If I don’t call the credit card company, they will block my account.
b. If I don’t call the credit card company, I will pay cash.
c. If I don’t call the credit card company, someone will steal my money.
×
×
Given advice….
3. A: My ankle really hurts. I think I sprained
it.
B: You'd better put some ice on it, right
away.
Possible bad consequences….
a. If you don’t put ice on it, it will hurt more.
b. If you don’t put ice on it, it will stop hurting.
×
Given advice….
4. Sam, I think, you 'd better lock our car before we enter the restaurant!
Possible bad consequences….
a. If you don’t lock it, someone will get in it and drive away.
b. If you don’t lock it, someone will get and stay in.
c. If you don’t lock it, someone will look after it.
×
×
Expressing advice:SHOULD, OUGHT TO, and HAD BETTER.
Practice 1
Spot the mistake and then rewrite the sentence correctly.
a. You will better not be late.
You had better not be late.
b. Anna shouldn't wears shorts at church.
Anna shouldn't wear shorts at church.
c. Mr. Niven ought found a new apartment.
d. I should to go to the post office now.
e. She oughts paying her bills on time.
f. You don't should stay up too late .
g. You'd to better not leaving your key inthe door.
Mr. Niven ought to find a new apartment.
I should go to the post office now.
She ought to pay her bills on time.
You shouldn't stay up too late .
You 'd better not leave your key inthe door.
Expressing advice: SHOULD.
Practice 2
Choose the phrases giving appropriate advice to each case.
Use should only
He has a (an)
earache / stomachache / headache,
so
a) he should drink hot tea
b) he should take an aspirin
c) he should put a band aid.
1.
He has stomachache / temperature
/ cut on his head,
so
a) he should call a doctor
b) he should drink tea with honey
c) he should wear a plaster
He has a sore throat / a cut on the knee /
a broken arm
so
a) he should wash and put on a band aid
b) he should go to the doctor’s
c) he should put a plaster cast
2.
3.
He has a headache / a runny nose /
an earache
so
a) he should have a cold shower.
b) he should drink tea with honey
and take an aspirin.
a) he should put on a band aid.
Match
the ‘heads’ of column A
with
the ‘tails’ of column B
in the next table so to form
correct sentences of advice.
Practice 3
1. For the problem with your lungs,
I really think you should…
a) … go to work if you have the flu.
2. If I were you… b) …I would listen to your mother’s
advice.
3. If you want to stop smoking you
should…
c) … a tie if you don’t want to.
4. You ought to study… d) …try to stop smoking.
5. You shouldn’t… e) …hard if you want to pass the
exam.
6. You don’t have to wear… f) … a ring if you work in a factory.
It could be dangerous.
7. In my opinion, you mustn’t wear.. g) … brush your teeth then they will
go yellow and fall out.
8. If you don’t… h) …get some help from your
doctor.
Talk about these advice questions with a partner.
1. Who was the last person who gave you some advice?
2. How would you advise someone to stay healthy?
3. What’s the best kind of computer, a laptop or a desktop?
4. What advice would you give to someone who was going for a job interview?
5. Please give some advice, I’ve got an exam tomorrow!
6. If you could talk to the president or prime minister of your country, what advise would you give them?
7. What was the worst piece of advice you ever got?
HOMEWORK 1
Practice 2Visiting Greece in summer.
Give advice to tourists in relation
to:
Example: Food
1. Clothing
2. Transportation
3. Language
4. Shopping
5. Places to Visit
6. Cultural Customs
I think you ought to try our
excellent seafood .
HOMEWORK 2
Writing – Agony
Aunt
Dear Auntie Lynn,
Please help me.
I lost my job as the manager of a
big bank last month and I haven’t
had the courage to tell my wife and
family about it.
My wife and two children spend a
lot of money everyday and if they
found out that they were poor they
would be so upset.
I hope I can find a job soon, but
lately I have been pretending to go
to work everyday. What should I
do?
Thanks
James
Dear Auntie Lynn,
I’ve been with my boyfriend
for three years now.
He asked me to marry him
last week and I’m not sure
what to say.
I do love him but he doesn’t
have good job. He works as
a chef in a dirty restaurant
and I really want to be rich.
Please help me.
Thanks
Sarah