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A talk on the global sanitation crisis and why we should be giving thanks to our toilet
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Nicola Greene
Introduction to Global Sanitation
Teaching Assistant
Humanitarian Engineering
Coventry University
@NicNakNoe
YOUR TOILET
GIVE THANKS TO
Talk Break Down
• Why Should we Give Thanks?
• The Global Sanitation Crisis
• Toilets of the Future
Why should we give thanks?
The most important invention for
human health EVER!
Introductory Video
Source:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R_vpNQ0fJc&list=PL38E7DD18426DB611
Diarrhoeal Disease
How bad is it?
• 2 million deaths per year (29% of under 5’s deaths)
= 18 Planes full of people every day
Why do people die?
• Essentially dehydration
What can we do?
• Improve water supply
• Improve (environmental) sanitation
• Improve hygiene & education
Water, sanitation and hygiene = WASH
*
The 5 f’s of sanitation
ANIMAL
HUMAN
*
1.2 billion people practice “open defecation”
including more than 1/2
of people in southern Asia
and more than 1/4 of
sub-Saharan Africa
No one wants to donate to toilets!
Disclaimer: WaterAid are great and do lots of sanitaiton work – this is just an example of
public perception
Source: http://www.wateraid.org/other/display/jean.php?cartID=UN0000,12/TAB,DRTV,12/TAB/01A
GLOBAL
SANITATION
CRISIS
Pour flush latrine
Images courtesy of the Water, Engineering and Development Centre @ Loughborough Uni – they have lots of great resources!
Images courtesy of the Water, Engineering and Development Centre @ Loughborough Uni – they have lots of great resources!
Raised latrine
Images courtesy of the Water, Engineering and Development Centre @ Loughborough Uni – they have lots of great resources!
Composting toilet
Hanging toilet
Components
of a
Sanitation System
INTAKE
Cleansing Material
Flushing
• Pour flush
• Flushing
• Throw sawdust/sand
• No flush
Emptying
• It doesn't need to be emptied
• Manually – bucket
• Suction pump
• Piped sewerage
Where will the waste go?
• Spread on fields as fertiliser
• Transported to wastewater treatment
facility (processed and back to water body)
• To dumping ground
• Indiscriminately disposed of
Photo courtesy of: Nicola Greene. Pictured: Kermi, Humla District Nepal in different weather conditions
Photo courtesy of: Nicola Greene. Pictured: Water collection in snow in Humla, Nepal
Photo courtesy of: Nicola Greene. Pictured: Water collection in snow in Humla, Nepal
Infrastructure
Safety
Usability
Gender
Disabled
Access
Access Acceptability
Handwashing
Sustainability
THE
SANITATION
ICEBURG
Socio-cultural
factors
Developed by Nicola Greene
More than 40% of WASH schemes fail to
deliver benefits in the long run.
Broken Tapstands
Unused
latrines
Broken Tap
No drainage
Source: www.scienceagainstpoverty.com/Resources/documentos/Programa/ppt
/d1/Ricard_Gine_ppt.pdf
Bad design more locally
http://www.smosh.com/smosh-pit/photos/15-awkward-bathroom-design-fails
Sanitation in the UK
Cycle of Waste
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-
us-canada-19289228
