Columbus Discovered Americaand other

Lies My GovernmentTold Me

Rick Osmon

Most Persistent Lies

Columbus “Discovered America” and was a “Great Explorer” and “Great Leader”

Columbus never set foot on North America

Columbus thought he was in India

Columbus' last voyage back to Spain was in chains

Columbus left 40 men behind so he could return to Spain

Columbus had a map of the West Indies

Supporting Lie

No Europeans or anyone else reached America before Columbus

Vikings, Medieval Norse, Saint Brendan, Ancient Chinese, Ancient Romans, Ancient Greeks, Carthaginians, Phoenicians,

West Africans, Ancient Egyptians, Bell Beaker People, Solutriens, Ancient Hebrews, Japanese, Basques,

Polynesians, Prince Madoc AND King Arthur (both Welsh)

All reached America before Columbus

Reason for the Lies

If proof surfaced of any other Christian culture reaching America before Columbus, the Land

Claims of the colonizing countries would be null and void.

Who, What, Where, When, Why, How, How Long, How Much?

If there was a pre-Columbian Christian culture in America, the questions above become central to any further

investigation.

The evidence that we have is enough to address some of these in depth.

Convention

“Who” = core culture indicated by evidence

“What” = type of evidence

“Where” = location of evidence discovery

“When” = given or discerned dates of evidence

“Why” = perceived reasons for presence in NA

Caveats

North America

After 37 CE

Who What Where When Why

Romans

9th Legion

Coins, swords, fortresses, amphorae,

Tablets / writing / languages

East of the Rockies, mostly

Ohio Valley

2nd to 5th

centuries CE

Secret trade network, religious

repression

(?) Crosses, Latin inscriptions

Tuscon, AZ Inscribed 560 Religious persecution

Welsh Armor, languages, native accounts, Welsh

records

Ohio Valley and tributaries

6th~7th

Centuries CE

Famine, Holy Grail

Irish

St Brendan

Church Records, petroglyphs, skeletal

remains

Ohio Valley 6th~7th

Centuries CE

Famine, evangelizing

Vikings/

Greenlanders

Longhouses, shops, ship nails, buttons

L'anseux Meadows,

Boston Harbor10th~14th

Centuries CE

Political and religious

repression

Medieval Norse Cistercians

Sagas, KRS, Spirit Pond, Hevenor, maps,

etc

Mostly East of Mississippi R,

OK, MO & Kansas

ca 1280~1400 Land claim

Knights Templar KRS (associative, S. Wolter)

Kensington MN 1362 Holy Grail, land claim

One important type of artifact is not on the list

We don’t have a date for them

We don’t know who made them

But we can probably figure out why

Fortresses

Forty five or more fortresses guarded the Ohio Valley and tributaries – only one remains comparatively intact: Lawrenceburg, IN

Materials were systematically removed from nearly all and reused (most became rail road grade & ballast)

Traces remain of others: Marietta, Ohio; Charlestown, IN; Merom, IN; Fort Mountain, GA; Fayette City, PA

Charlestown, IN

Edward T. Cox... and William Borden...reported—and speculated about—a "stone fort" located on top of Devil`s Backbone. A steep bluff spur at the confluence of Fourteen Mile Creek and the Ohio. Cox recognizedlong, artificial walls ten feet in height built at the edge of a 75-foot-high cliff that provided a natural stone wall. He also noted interior ditches and a series of at least five small stone mounds within an enclosed area of about ten to twelve acres. Further, Cox and Borden both reported shell-Tempered pottery and stone box graves at the site,which point to a Mississippian use of the locale, though not necessarily one associated with the stone mounds or the stone walls. The site locale, itself a fortified area on the Ohio River bluff offers a high vantage point for tracking movements along the river.

Prather Report

―These features were subsequently reported by F. W. Putnam of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology but later questioned by Gerard Fowke, another geologist interested in archaeology. Fowke was highly critical of Cox`s assessment of the walls, saying his report was:'The worst publication of this character which has ever appeared in a scientific disguise … It seems incredible that a person connected in any capacity with a geological survey, even as a cook or mule-driver, could ever have made such a ridiculous blunder as to suppose them artificial.‘ Cox`s description is not unambiguous, but it does recognize that the artificial walls relate to the natural walls of the cliff.

Prather Report

Traces at Devils Backbone

Photo credit / courtesy Lee Pennington

More Traces at DBB

Photo credit / courtesy Lee Pennington

Big Four Rail Bridge

Merom, IN

At least 43 other sites

So we have the what and where, a good inkling of the why

Still need the who and the when

The investigators at the Prather site, Cheryl Munson and Rob McCulloch, gave us a clue without realizing it.

“…artificial walls relate to the natural walls of the cliff.”

Roman 9th watchtower in Portugal

“It is a very substantial wall, and it does a very Roman thing where it

incorporates defensive aspects of the landscape that are already

present…”

9th Legion

Base Image ©Google, 3D model made using Google SketchUp

York Tower

Roman

Archery-based fort at Angel Mounds

Who was the 9th Legion?

Soldiers of 9th Legion Oldest members from Iberia (grandsons or great grandsons of original recruits and later West Hispania Revolt)

Some from Rhine area of Netherlands

A handful were likely Macedonian

Possibly a few individuals from West or sub-Saharan Africa

By 117 CE, 9th had been in Britannia for >70 years continuously

By 117, Most 9th soldiers were either native Brit or were fully habituated and acculturated to Brit language, foods, beverages, art, writing

9th Legion History

Recruited in Hispania, shipped to the Rhine, Macedonia, Britain, North Africa, Sicily, back to Spain, to Gaul, Back to Britain in 43 CE

Built Julius Caesar's bridge across the Rhine,Built both the wooden fortress (70~71 CE) and later stone fortress at York (dedicated 108 CE)

Disappeared from history in 117 CE (first year of Hadrian's reign), all except one officer who became governor of Arabia Petraea – the City of Petra -- in 142 CE (Lucius Aemilius Karus)

Languages and ScriptsAmong 9th Legion

Latin – both Capitol and Provincial Alphabets

Cumry – Coelbren Alphabet

Basque – Early Basque Script (Arabic letters new since c. 880 CE )

Unknown name – Tartesso Script

Ptolemaic Greek, Macedonian dialect – Greek Alphabet

Aramaic/Hebrew – Hebrew Alphabet

Various Celtic Dialects – Ogham

All of which show up in North American Out of Place Artifacts

9th LegionTech

What tech would we expect to find and how to

identify

It's a Wash

Aqueducts

Aqueducts

Roman aqueduct at Chesters fort on Hadrian's Wall.

WaterwheelsRome, Greece, Welsh, Norse used waterwheels extensively

“Overshot” most common / efficient, “undershot” found more in Scandinavia & Greece

Used to grind grain, saw wood, saw stone, hammer mill ore

All found at Miami Fort, Ohio, but denied by establishment

Remains: eroded / corroded metal hubs & bearings, fasteners, aqueducts, mill ponds

Millponds at East Fork

Let Me Throw This Out There

Scorpio

Ballistae

A Furh Piece

Josephus describes the Roman “artillery engines” (or “stone projectors”) as “wonderfully constructed” and “the rocks which they hurled weighed a talent and had a range of two furlongs or more”

A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one-eighth of a mile, equivalent to 220 yards, 660 feet, 40 rods, or 10 chains

A talent is interpreted as a weight somewhere between 70 and 100 modern pounds

Ballista Remains

8, 16, 32 pound stone spheres

Square cross-section bronze or iron projectile points

Metal parts- triggers, pawls, stays (scutulas)

Perforated crania, scapula – other large bones (square perforations), indistinguishable from pike wounds unless accompanied by projectile

Several such perforated remains found in 1702 at “Massacre Island”, later

renamed Dauphine Island, AL

Ballista Remains

Hitting the High Spots

Watch and Signal Towers

Used 1st thru 3rd centuries in Britain, Pompei, Hispania

Archies say it had a cow's horn shaved thin, used as wind break that rotted away, functioned just like a hurricane lamp

High quality bronze construction, one foot is mismatch indicating repaired (soldered with lead/tin)

Now displayed at Ipswich Museum (free admission)

This cows horn wasn't shaved very thin

PA, WV, OH, KY, IN, & ILRife w/ Signal Towers/Hills/Mounds

Verified sites & sight lines

5 Mi

Base Image © Google

Conclusions Roman IX Legion most likely builders of

fortresses, origin of “Welsh speaking Indians”, coins, swords, acculturated tech

Culdee Christians among Roman invaders Madoc & Arthur used Roman records to find &

re-use fortresses, had too few settlers/resources to defend them

Knights Templar found records in converted Culdee Abbeys & in Petra, possibly Jerusalem

Early Spanish and French colonial Gov'ts knew it and hid it to keep land claims, so did US!

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Grave Distractions Publications

rick.osmon@soupmedianetwork.com