- 1. Geothermalresource explorationusingMT inthe
westAnatolianextensional province MehranGharibi ErsanTurkoglu
QuantecGeoscience
2. Outline
IntroductiontoQuantecTechnology&MTGeothermalexplorationusingMT
GeothermalpotentialofwesternTurkey 3DMTInversionandInterpretation
Summary 3. Quantec Geoscience Limitedis a world leader in
non-seismic ground geophysical exploration with worldwide offices
since 1986. Quantec offers state-of-the-art Deep Earth Imaging
Technologies thru our proprietary Orion 3D, Titan 24 DCIP&MT
and Spartan MT data acquisition, processing and interpretation, as
well as the full suite of conventional EM survey
methods.Toronto,Canada Reno,USA
Hermosillo,MexicoQIPS,BarbadosArequipa,Peru
Santiago,ChileLobatse,BotswanaMendoza,ArgentinaBrisbane,Australiawww.quantecgeoscience.com
4. TECHNOLOGYStandalone 5channelMT2DDCIP&MT3DDCIP&MT 5.
ElectricFieldSensors 6. MagneticFieldSensorsCoilCalibrationChamber
Quantec owns and employs a calibration room for calibrating
magnetic field sensors.The room provides both 3-layer passive
shielding and active field cancellation.Each individual magnetic
coil is calibrated before deployment to the field and coil
calibration constants are archived for each and every job.Only two
facilities of its kind in the world. 7. Introduction
ToMagnetotelluric(MT)Method 8. MTSignalSources
LowerFrequencies:f1Hz GloballightningactivitiesThunderstorms 9.
NASA 10. Seasonal Lightning
MapNationalSpaceScienceandTechnologyCentre 11. MTSignalSources
Sunspot activity has 11 year period. Last solar maximum was in
2001. Past few years were tough for MT acquisition especially at
high noise areas. 12. Penetration Depth (Skin Depth) = 503 T = 503
100m 4s = 10060 m ~ 10 km ~ 100m f = 10 Hz = 1.6kmf = 40 Hz =
0.8km~4sIncreasingdepth 13. Magnetotellurics
(MT)100ohm.m10km10ohm.m1000ohm.mE( ) = Z( )B( )a =1 0ZEx RhoXY
Hy2NASA = arg(Z ) Ey RhoYX Hx 14. InterpretationoftheMTData: Data 0
Z Z 0 0 Z yxZ xy 0 Inversion Resistivity Model2DZ xy Z yy xy, yx1D
Z xx Z yx3D 15. Whatisgeothermal? WhyTurkey? WhyMT? 16.
Whatisgeothermal? 2 Heatenergyoftheearthis calledgeothermalenergy.
Geothermalenergyexposed tothesurfaceasaresultof
Earthscoolingmechanism, convection.31 Firstgeothermal powerplantin
Larderello in1904 byPrincePiero Ginori Conti. 90countrieshave
geothermalpotentialand70 ofthosealreadyutilized geothermalenergy.
USA,Philipines,Iceland, IndonesiaandItalyaresome
ofthelargestgeothermal usercountries. 17. Whatisgeothermal?
231CourtesyofPromete Jeotermal CourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 18.
RegionalTectonics NorthwardmotionofAfricanandArabianplates
ClosureoftheTehys Ocean13Ma
ArabiaEurasiacollisionandupliftingCourtesyofPromete Jeotermal
DevelopmentofNAFandEAF ExtrusionofAnatolianBlock
Trenchrollbackandextension. 19. GeothermalPotentialofTurkey
Curiepoint(580C)depth andheatflowmapsof Turkey(Aydin,etal.,2005).
NotethattheCuriedepth inwesternAnatoliais~10 km.Thisissignificantly
shallowerthantherestof thecountry. Higherheatflowvalues
>100mW/m2 arealso coincidentwithshallow Curiedepth. 20.
GeothermalPotentialofTurkey Thegeothermalsystems
associatedwithvolcanismare commoninthecentraland
easternpart.500mdepthtemperaturedistributionmap,(Korkmaz
etal.,2010)Manyhotspringsandwells withtemperatures>200Care
indicatingthegeothermal potentialinwesternTurkey.
Faultsplayanimportantrole aswellasthereservoirin westernTurkey.
Delineatingofthebasement structureandthefaultsis
directinteresttogeothermal
explorationinwesternTurkeyLocationofmajorgeothermalfieldsinTurkey(Serpen
etal.,2009) 21. WhyMTforGeothermal? Highresistivitycontrast
Deeppenetration Portable Noninvasive Lowercostafter Cumming et al.
2009after Cumming et al. 2009Kuyumcu etal.,2009 22. Denizli
MTSurvey 92MTsiteswerecollectedinApril,2012.Survey
areaishighlyindustrializedmainlywithinthe graben.
Remotesitewaslocated60kmawayfromthegrid.
48kHz,12kHzand1kHz(continuous)sampling
rateswereusedfordataacquisition.CourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 23.
Denizli MTData
Highquality5channelMTdatawereacquiredbyusingSpartanMTdataloggers.CourtesyofPromete
Jeotermal 24. Denizli MTData
Highquality5channelMTdatawereacquiredbyusingSpartanMTdataloggers.CourtesyofPromete
Jeotermal 25. Denizli MTData
Highquality5channelMTdatawereacquiredbyusingSpartanMTdataloggers.CourtesyofPromete
Jeotermal 26. Denizli MTData
Highquality5channelMTdatawereacquiredbyusingSpartanMTdataloggers.CourtesyofPromete
Jeotermal 27. Denizli 3DMTInversion
AircellsAveragesitespacingis12km 87sitesusedfor3Dinversion
FullMTtensor(Zxx,Zxy,Zyx,Zyy) 8%errorfloor Topographywasincluded
30Ohmmhalfspaceinitialmodel Dx,Dy,Dz:400m,400m,40m
1000Hzto0.002Hzfrequencyband Totalof18frequency FinalRMSwas1.25
WSINV3DMT(Siripunvaraporn
etal.,2005)AircellsInitialmodelresistivity:30OhmmCourtesyofPromete
Jeotermal220km 28. Denizli
3DMTModelExpectedcrosssection(2km)oftheDenizli
Graben(Akman,2012)Denizli grabencontainstwotypesofinfills. 1.
Ancient:660mthickMiddleMioceneMiddlePliocene
depositscontrolledanddeformed
by~NSextensionthencompressioninthelatestPliocene(Kocyigit,2005). 2.
Modern:350mthick,undeformed PlioQuaternary deposits(Kocyigit,2005).
29. Denizli 3DMTModel HighRes.LowRes.CourtesyofPromete
JeotermalCourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 30.
ResistivityCrosssectionsSouth Jeotermal
CourtesyofPrometeNorthCourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 31.
ResistivityCrosssectionsSouthNorthCourtesyofPromete
JeotermalCourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 32. Resistivityelevationmaps
500m1000mCourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 33. Resistivityelevationmaps
1500m3000mCourtesyofPromete Jeotermal 34. Conclusions: Closely
spaced MT sites required to build better constrained models as well
as static shift control. Good quality MT data can be collected even
around industrialized and populated areas. MT imaged the
sedimentary fill of the Denizli graben and underlying Menderes
metamorphics. Well locations were determined by use of MT, seismic
and structural geology to reduce drilling risk. Computational
requirements for 3D inversion has been matched by recent
developments on computer clusters. However, most MT surveys are
designed as a grid and more MT stations are collected than ever
before. 35. Pamukkale,Denizli,TurkeyThankYou
