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Geotermal Production and SafetyRisk Management by Geophysical Monitoring
Geotermal Production and SafetyRisk Management by Geophysical Monitoring
Prof. Dr. Ali Osman Öncel Mühendislik Bilimleri Bölümü Başkanı, İstanbul Üniversitesi
JFMO İstanbul Şube Başkanı
Jeotermal Depremler Jeofizik İzlemeli Risk Takibi Jeotermal Sahalarda Sismisite
Doğal Volkanik Tectonik Heyelan (e.g. Mantaro River,
Peru,1974) Insan Kaynaklı Depremler
Kaya patlamasi (e.g. derin Guney Afrika Madenleri)
Rezervuar depremleri (e.g. Koyna baraji, Hindistan)
Patlama (nükleer & büyük konvansiyonel)
Seismogram: Soviet nuclear blast 1984
GEOL 3026/C471 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS2005
Geological hazards in context II: fatalities worldwide 2000
Quake & volcano 4%
Total 9,270
Flood 67%Windstorm 15%
Other 14%
Source
Deprem Tipleri
Baraj doluluğuAtık Suların Yerin Altına
PompalanmasıPetrol ÜretimiSıcak Su ÇıkartılmasıMadencilikNükleer Denemeler
Injection Well
Man-made Fracture System
Hot Basement
Rock
Production Well
Electric or Thermal Application
Courtesy: Majer, 2009
2003NCPA initiates near-horizontal drilling at The
Geysers with injection well N-7.
As P increases (P = pressure “pushing against the forceholding the rock together” ) the fault is more likely to slip
Courtesy: Majer, 2009
(Smith,2005)
Annual Steam Production, Water Injection and Seismicity
Jeotermal Depremler Jeofizik İzlemeli Risk Takibi Jeotermal Sahalarda Sismisite
Tipik cihaz kutusu, Solda pil, Sağda Veri kayıtçısı, Alt sağda ise GPS Anteni. Kullanılan kutu farklı olabilir.
2 veya 4.5 Hz Sonda
2 veya 4.5 Hz Sonda 15 Hz mini Sonda15 Hz mini Sonda
Delgi kapatıldıktan sonra Tipik Cihaz Kutusu, üstte güneş paneli, kutunun sağında ise extra veri kablosu
5 boyutlu interaktif gerilme sismisitesini gösteren harita
Jeotermal Depremler Jeofizik İzlemeli Risk Takibi Jeotermal Sahalarda Sismisite
-1 8 0 0-1 5 0 0-1 2 0 0-9 0 0-6 0 0-3 0 003 0 06 0 09 0 01 2 0 0
2 7 3 3 3 9 4 5
3 6
3 8
4 0
4 2B lack S ea
M e d ite rran ean S ea
E A S T IN G
NO
RT
HIN
G
20 0 k m
n T
A B
C
w este rn T u rk e y c en tra l T u rk ey
e as te rn T u rk e y
Total residual aeromagnetic anomaly map of Turkey. Boxes A, B and C indicate the previous studied areas by Bilim, 2007; Ates et al., 2005; Bektas et al., 2007, respectively.
-1 8 0 0-1 5 0 0-1 2 0 0-9 0 0-6 0 0-3 0 003 0 06 0 09 0 01 2 0 0
2 7 3 3 3 9 4 5
3 6
3 8
4 0
4 2B lack S ea
M e d ite rran ean S ea
E A S T IN G
NO
RT
HIN
G
20 0 k m
n T
A B
C
w este rn T u rk e y c en tra l T u rk ey
e as te rn T u rk e y
The calculated Curie point depth (CPD) map of western Turkey from aeromagnetic anomaly data. Red boxes show possibility of two important geothermal areas (Bilim, 2007).
The calculated Curie point depth (CPD) map of central Turkey from aeromagnetic anomaly data. Red ellipse show possibility of an important geothermal area (Ates et al., 2005).
The calculated Curie point depth (CPD) map of eastern Turkey from aeromagnetic anomaly data. Red boxes show possibility of important geothermal areas (Bektas et al., 2007).
