Geography M2 Drawing cross section

Geography Module #2 Unit #2 Lesson #10

DESCRIBING LANDSCAPE ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

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ObjectivesObjectives

What are contour lines?


Contour IntervalContour Interval

Cross Sections Cross Sections

Drawing Cross Sections


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IntroductionIntroduction

Slopes on Topographical

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Landforms on Topographical

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Objectives

As a result of this lesson, you will be able to

1. Define contour lines, relief, cross section

2. Calculate contour interval3. Distinguish between landforms with

similar contour patterns 4. Describe landforms through the reading

of contours5. Describe entire landscape through

reading of contours 6. Draw cross sections7. Recognize the importance of

interpreting relief on topographic maps

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Introduction

Contour lines are used on topographical maps to show how the height and shape of land changes. They are also used to draw cross sections which give a side view of landforms. This presentation demonstrates how cross sections are drawn.

Contour patterns are also used to identify different landforms. This presentation will show you various contour patterns and the features they represent.

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Contour lines are lines drawn on topographic maps joining places of equal height above sea level.On topographical maps contour lines are the brown lines with the values written in the gaps within the line. Click on the map for a larger version.

Contour lines

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Here are contour lines.

Contour lines are lines drawn on topographic maps joining places of equal height above sea level.

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Contour Lines

On topographical maps contour lines are the brown lines with the values written in the gaps within the line.

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Contour interval or vertical interval

Contour interval is the difference in height between one contour line and the next.

The vertical interval for this map is 100 metres.

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Cross Sections

Contour lines are used to draw cross sections.

A cross section is a side view of an area or feature.

Cross sections help us to visualize an area.

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Drawing Cross Sections 9

Before you begin to draw a cross section imagine yourself walking or driving across the area.

You can do this by reading the contours.

Watch the animation below.








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1. Identify the two points between which you want to draw the cross section.

2. Draw a line to connect the two points.

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3. Lay edge of plain sheet of paper along the line and mark starting point and end point.

4. Mark and attach value to each contour line that touches the edge of the paper

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5. Plot points on a graph paper.

6. Distance on horizontal axis and height on vertical axis.

7. Join the dots to see the shape of the land

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8. Enclose the cross section.

9. Shade the area.

10. Label the cross section.

11. Give it a title.

12. Include the horizontal scale and vertical scale.

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Slopes on a Topographical Map

A steep slope or a scarp slope is shown by contours that are close together.

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Steep slope








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Slopes on a Topographical Map15

A gentle slope or a dip slope is shown by contours that are far apart.

Gentle slope








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Landforms on Topographic Map Conical Hill

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Conical Hill - Contour Pattern

Conical Hill

Conical hills are so called because they are shaped like cones and taper to a point.

The space within the innermost contour is small.








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Round -topped Hill17

A round –topped hill is represented by concentric contour lines with increasing values toward the centre.

The outer contours are not always circular. The space within the innermost contour is comparatively large.

Round-topped HillContour Pattern

Round-topped HillContour Pattern

Round-topped HillRound-topped Hill








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Flat -topped Hill18

Flat-topped Hill Contour Pattern

Flat-topped Hill Contour Pattern

Flat-topped Hill Flat-topped Hill

The innermost (highest) contour line encloses a wide space. The contours are not usually circular.








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Plateau

A plateau is a large highland area with an almost flat top.

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Ridge

A ridge is a long narrow strip of highland. Contours are elongated, almost parallel.

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Valley 21

A valley is a lowland between two highlands.

Contour lines point to higher land.








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Gorge 22

A ravine is a very narrow steep-sided valley.

The contours are very close together.

A very deep ravine is called a gorge.








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Matching Exercise - 123

Click on the contour pattern that matches the picture on the left. The correct answer will be highlighted in green and chime heard.








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Matching Exercise - 224

Click on the contour pattern that matches the picture on the left. The correct answer will be highlighted in green and a chime heard.








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Feedback - Matching Exercise25








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Education

Geography M2 Drawing cross section