Asia

Africa

Australia

Europe

North America

South America

World Geography

USA Canada

North America

North America

USA: physical

Columbia-Snake plt

Colorado plt

Alaska Hawaii

Mountains of USA

•Appalachian mountains – old fold mountains (Paleozoic)•Source of coal - Both Bituminous and Anthracite• Iron ore, granite and forest resource

Appalachian Mountains

Western Cordillera of USA

Columbia-Snake plateau

Great Basin

Colorado plateau

Western USA

O-C collision O-C transverse boundary Hot Spot vol.

Western mountains in USA

•Oceanic plate Farallon subducted under North American plate – 65 ml years ago•Extensive volcanism and rising of Rockies •Colorado plateau•Basin- range topography due to faults

O-C collision of ancient time

Farallon plate

North American Plate

•15 ml years ago – Farallon oceanic plate almost subducted under North American plate•Pacific and N.American plate came into contact•Farallon plate was moving eastward

Pacific- N.American transverse Boundary

•Now Pacific plate was moving north-west•North American plate moves south – south west direction•Result – San Andreas fault

Pacific- N.American transverse Boundary

•Remnant of Farallon plate- Juan de Fuca plate continued eastward movement•Divergence between Juan-de-Fuca plate and Pacific plate• Juan De Fuca plate subsiding below North American plate

O-C plate collision in recent time

•Subduction of oceanic plate => Volcanism•Rising of volcanic fold mt. –cascade range•Rising of Sierra Nevada in last 5 ml (orogeny started around 120-80 ml years ago)

O-C plate collision in recent time

• Lava flow – between 17-6 ml years ago•Hot spot beneath the Columbia plateau - North American plate moves south-west•Columbia-snake plateau•Basaltic lava plateau (like Deccan lava plt.)• Yellow stone national park – geysers

Hot Spot Volcanism in USA

•Sierra Nevada –Gold•Fold mountains – volcanism- still uplifting - EQ•Cascade range – part of Pacific ring of fire – volcanic rocks – rich in potassium – potential geothermal power

Western mountains: resources

• Rockies: young fold mountains (85 to 55 ml years ago)•Copper, Gold, Lead, silver, Zinc, Tungsten

Western mountains

Rivers of USA

•Origin: in Canada •Columbia- one of the largest source of HEP•Grand coulee dam•Snake –largest tri. Of Columbia• Imp cities: Portland, Salem located on it

Western rivers: Columbia-snake river

•cutting the Colorado Plateau – Grand canyon•Sonoran desert, Panted desert•Hoover dam – Lake mead•Las Vegas located near lake Mead

Western rivers: Colorado

Panted desert

Sonoran

desert

Hoover dam Grand Canyon

•Most imp river system of USA• Imp cities: St. Pittsburg, Memphis, St. Louis• Irrigation – Prairie region•Petroleum at mouth

Central rivers: Mississippi- Missouri

•New York state•Partially navigable important for transportation•Flows between New York city and New Jersey city

Eastern rivers: Hudson

New York State

New York

StateLong Island

New York- New Jersey (Hudson river)

NJ

NYHu

dson

rive

r

Long Island

Great Lakes of USA

Niagara FallWelland Canal

St. Mary’s river

St. Claire lakeSt. Claire river

Detroit river

•Glacial lakes•Largest fresh water system•Together – they hold 1/5th of the earth surface’s fresh water•Source of drinking water, irrigation, transport, sulfide and iron mining in periphery

Importance of great lakes region

Deserts of USA

Political map of USA

USA has 50

states, 9 time zones

Climatic regions of USA

Gulf Type

Laurentian Type

Prairie

Highland

British Type

Mediterranean

Hot Deserts

•South Western state of California•Citrus fruit cultivation – famous Sunkist oranges•Viticulture, wine making

USA: Mediterranean climate

San Francisco

Los Angeles

•North western states of Oregon and Washington•Rainfall from westerlies•Softwood trees with pure strands•Famous for lumbering industries

USA: British Climate

•Central states of USA + 3 states of Canada•Temperate grasslands•Flat rolling plains•Nutritious natural grass•Known for wheat cultivation and animal rearing

USA: Prairies

•South East states: from Florida to North Carolina and Arkansas – Louisiana•Warm due to warm ocean current – gulf stream•Rainfall through out the year•Thunderstorm

USA: Gulf type

•North east states•Great Lake region and New England states•Rainfall throughout the year – warming effect of Gulf stream•Most Industrialized region of USA

USA: Laurentian type

Agricultural belts in USA

WheatCorn

Cotton

Soya bean

Tobacco

TobaccoTobacco

•Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Missouri• Intensive crop and livestock farming•Most of the corn is used to raise or fattening livestock- hogs (pigs) and poultry• cattle rearing for meat and dairy products

Corn belt

• Intensive animal farming = factory farming•Milwaukee city meat processing•Chicago – meat packing•Wisconsin state - dairy

Animal Rearing in USA

•Cotton plantation system•Hybrid cotton variety with mechanized farming•Cotton exported•Textile industries – labour intensive – US import from Bangladesh, Pakistan and India

Cotton belt

•South – winter wheat (hard), north – spring wheat (soft)•Truck farming belt•Very high productivity per person•Highly subsidized farming

Wheat and Rice belt (Prairie)

Coal Reserve in USA

Wyoming

Colorado

New Mexico

Montana

Pennsylvania

West Virginia

North Dakota

Illinois

Texas

Wyoming

Wyoming and

Appalachian main coal producing

regions

Pennsylvania – only

Anthracite producing

region

Iron reserve of USA

Mesabi range

Major iron mining Zone –

Minnesota and

MichiganImport from

Canada

Copper reserve of USA

Major Copper mining Zone –

Arizona, Utah

Uranium reserve of USA

Major Uranium mining – Wyoming

Import from

Canada and

Australia

Petroleum reserve of USA

Largest producer of

oil and gas in 2014

West Texas IntermediateBenchmark

Bayan Mound

Big HillWest Hackberry

Bayou Choctow

Shale gas

Wyoming

ColoradoUtah

MichiganPennsylvania

West Virginia

Texas

US takeover Russia as largest oil and gas producer and Saudi from largest oil producer

Reduction in energy import by USBoost to US manufacturing sectorDecrease in US imports + Slow down in China = fall in crude prices

India’s energy consumption increasing – low import bills – boost to out manufacturing

US petroleum production: effect to India

Gulf of Mexico Alaska

Gold

Zinc

Copper

Silver

Red dog mine

Sulphur

Petroleum and Natural gas

USA: Industrial regions

NW

SW

SE

NEGrt lakes

•Seattle – aluminum smelting, aircraft manufacturing•Oregon state lumbering: Eugene•Salem – food processing hub

North-west Region

Seattle

Salem

•San Francisco: financial services (Wall street of the west)•San Diego: submarine and shipbuilding •Los Angeles: entertainment, aerospace, port

California

San Francisco

Los Angeles

San Diego

•Atlanta-automobile, transport & logistics hub, (HQ of Coca cola)•New Orleans- port, petro-refineries

South and South East region

New Orleans

Atlanta

•Dallas – electronics, defence aircraft manufacturing•Baton Rouge – Petroleum reserve•Houston- petro-chemicals (synthetic rubber, fertilizers), equipment for oil field

South and South East region

Dallas

Houston

Baton Rouge

•5% of US area, 25% population•Boston to NY – megalopolis•HEP from fault line across edges of Appalachian•Narrow land = No agriculture

North Eastern states

•Boston: biotech, education•NY-NJ: largest city, economy, port•Philadelphia: education, oil refining, Food processing•Baltimore: steel industries, ship building

North Eastern states

Boston

NY-NJPhiladelphiaBaltimore

•Duluth – steel (Mesabi)•Milwaukee- dairying, meat processing•Chicago –FPI•Detroit – automobile (GM)• Toledo - automobile•Cleveland – textile, steel•Buffalo – chemical industries

Great lakes region

Milwaukee

Chicago

DetroitCleveland

Buffalo

Toledo

Hamilton

Toronto

Kingston

Montreal

Quebec

•Hamilton•Toronto •Kingston•Montreal•Quebec

Great lakes region

Milwaukee

Chicago

DetroitCleveland

Buffalo

Toledo

Hamilton

Toronto

Kingston

Montreal

Quebec

USA Canada

North America

Canada

Physical geo of Canada: Mt.

Canadian shield

Nova Scotia

New Brunswick

Laurentian Plateau

Labrador PlateauNew Foundland

Baffin island

Hudson Bay

James Bay

•Most stable region•Source of gold, silver, cobalt, zinc, copper and iron ore•Coniferous forest + swift flowing streams -HEP•Support paper and pulp industry

Canadian Shield

•Heavily forested, lakes and swift flowing streams•Large scale lumbering, paper and pulp industry

Laurentian plateau

Laurentian Plateau

Physical geo of Canada: Rivers

Mackenzie

ChurchillNelson

St. La

wrence

Physical geo of Canada: lakes

Lake Slave

Great Bear lake

Lake Winnipeg

Lake Winnipegosis

Climatic regions of Canada

Tundra

TaigaMountainous

Prairie Laurentian type

British type

Taiga

Tundra

Agriculture in Canada

Horticulture dairy Wheat, oilseeds

and cattle Grain, oilseeds dairy

Dairy, hogs

Horticulture dairy

Horticulture dairy

Green house cultivation

•British Columbia state (Vancouver) – largest producer of coniferous trees •Ontario, Quebec states – hardwood deciduous trees•Produce – wood chips, veneer, plywood, wood pallets etc.

Lumbering in Canada

•Principle species –•softwood: Spruce, pine, hemlock, Cedar, Douglas fir•Hardwood: aspen and poplar

Lumbering in Canada

Types of wood Measuring of age

Uranium Reserve of Canada

McClean lakeMcArthur riverCigar lake

Saskatchewan state

World’s 22% of known

Uranium reserve

Agnew lake

Bancroft

Rabbit lake

Nickel in Canada

Voisey Bay

One of the

largest Nickel

producer

Sadbury

Birch treeBucko lake

Shale Gas in Canada

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Manitoba

British Columbia

QuebecNew Brunswick Nova

Scotia

•Hamilton – steel industry•Toronto – financial capital of Canada •Kingston - education•Montreal – aerospace and electronics (Bombardier HQ)•Quebec – port, paper and wood industry

Great lakes region of Canada

Milwaukee

Chicago

DetroitCleveland

Buffalo

Toledo

Hamilton

Toronto

Kingston

Montreal

Quebec

Industrial centers of Canada

Calgary

ReginaVancouver

Edmonton

Winnipeg

Cities ImportanceVancouver Canada’s largest port, lumbering and

wood industriesCalgary Oil and gas industryEdmonton Oil and gas reserve, petro-chemical

industriesRegina Oil and gas reserve, mines of potash,

KaolinWinnipeg Aerospace industries

Industrial centers of Canada