Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
World Geography
Asia
Africa
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
World Geography
China Japan
Russia SE Asia
West Asia
ASIA
Plain regions of China
Altai Shan
Tien Shan
Kunlun Shan Altun Shan Qilian Shan
Qinling Shan
Tai hang Shan
Great
Khi
ngan
Dzungarian
Tarim
Qiadam
Sichuan
Takla makan Gobi desert
Ordos
Manchurian Plain
Tibetan plateau
Shandong peninsula
Yunan plateau
North China Plain
Southern Hills
G. Of Tongking
Loess plt.
1/3th of China is mountainous
90% of population live on east coast
Climate of China
Laurentian type
China type
Important rivers of China
Grand canal
G. Of Bo Hai Rivers –
west to east flowing
•10-15% of China is arable• Intensive agriculture•Rice cultivation – largest rice production•Largest producer of rice, wheat, cotton, ground nut, rapeseed, silk
Agriculture in China
Coal (3th largest)
Iron (4th largest)
Tin
Petroleum
Rare Earth (monopoly)
Important Minerals of China
Industrial regions of China
Mukden triangle
Bo Hai region
Yangtze river basin
Guangzhou-Macau region
China Japan
Russia SE Asia
West Asia
ASIA
Hokkaido
Honshu
ShikokuKyushu
Ryuku
Islands of Japan
• Japan at the junction of 3 plates•Ocean-ocean collision – volcanic mountains in Japan•Frequent earthquake and possibilities of Tsunami
Geology of Japan
•Only 20% of land suitable for agriculture•Wet paddy and terraced paddy•Wheat, Barley, Soya bean, potatoes, Sweet potatoes
Agriculture in Japan
Japan is world’s largest importer of coal and Natural gas
2nd largest importer of oilBut it has converted itself into knowledge economy
Mineral resources in Japan
Industrial regions of Japan
Kwanto Plains
Nagoya Plains
Kinki Plains
Kyushu Plains
China Japan
Russia SE Asia
West Asia
ASIA
Water-bodies around Russia
Barents sea
Kara sea
Leptev sea
East Siberiansea
Chukchi sea
Bering strait
white sea
Bering sea
Sea of Okhotsk
Baltic sea
Black sea
Caspian sea
sea of Japan
Access to Sea
Important rivers of Russia
Ob
Yeni
sei Lena
Pechora basin
Irtysh
Volga
Lake Baykal
Don
Sea of Azov
Amur
•Limited growing period•40% pastures and meadows•Wheat, Oil-seeds, cotton - important•Oat, mustard, corn, sugar beet, flax•Potato – very important
Agriculture in Russia
Coal Reserve of Russia
Magnitogorsk
Krasnoyarsk
Irkutsk
Chernogorsk
Kemerovo Chelyabinsk
Novo Kuznetsk
Pechora Basin
One of the
largest coal
reserve in the world
Iron ore Reserve of Russia
Magnitogorsk
Orsk
Kursk
Tomsk
Belgorod
Voronezh
One of the largest Iron production in the world
Nickel reserve
World’s 40% of nickel –Norilsk mine
Norlisk
Kola Peninsula
Amur region
Tymr peninsula
Natural Gas Reserve of Russia
Orenburg
Pechhora Basin
Yamburg
UrnegoyMamontovskoye
Salymskoye
Medvezhye West Siberia
Largest Natural Gas reserve in the world
Industrial regions of Russia
Central region
Volga region Urals
KuzbasBaykal region
St. Petersburg
China Japan
Russia SE Asia
West Asia
ASIA
SE Asia
Hills and islands
Shan PlateauKhorat plateauArankan YomaPegu yomaIslands: Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Singapore
SalweenChindwin riverIrrawaddy riverMekong riverChao PhrayaRed river
Rivers
Physical geography of SE Asia
Monsoon pattern in SE Asia
South West winds
North East winds
Equatorial Rainfall
•Rubber and palm oil are significant in Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern Thailand•Coconut and sugarcane in Philippines •Cocoa in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam
Rubber and Palm oil
Petroleum reserve in SE Asia
Tin reserve in SE Asia
Kinta ValleyKelang Valley
Singkep is.Bangka Is.
Belitung Is.
Samui Is.Phangan Is.
Thailand, Malaysia,
and Indonesia - more than
half of world Tin
production
China Japan
Russia SE Asia
West Asia
ASIA
West Asia
Physiography of west Asia: Mt.
Elburz Mt.
Zagros Mt.
Pontus Mt.
Taurus Mt.
Jebel Al Akhdar
Physiography of west Asia: Uplands
Elburz Mt.
Zagros Mt.
Pontus Mt.
Taurus Mt.
Anatolia Plateau
Plateau of Iran
Arabian Peninsula
Largest
peninsula
in the
world
Peninsula
Land surrounded by water from 3 sides and attached to mainland from a side
Ex. Indian Peninsula (Mainland India flanked by oceans on 3 sides)
Relatively higher upland than surrounding regions
Ex. Deccan plateau (raised platform located on Indian peninsula)
plateau
Difference between Plateau and peninsula
Physiography of west Asia: Deserts
An Nafud(the desert)
Rub-al-Khali
(empty quarter)
Dasht-e-Kavir
Dasht-e-Lut
Salt
desert
Sandy
desert
Syrian desert
•Origin: • Euphrates – Armenian Highlands• Tigris – Lake Hazar•Combined stream at lower course at Al-Qurnah = Shatt –al- Arab• Famous for date palm cultivation•Ancient Mesopotamia civilization
Euphrates-Tigris Rivers
Shatt-al-Arab
Mt. Ararat
•Tigris: Mosul and Bagdad of Iraq•Euphrates: Ar Ramadi, An Nasiriah •Shatt-al-Arab – Basra
Cities on Euphrates and Tigris
Mosul
BaghdadAr Ramadi
An-NasiriahBasra
•River Karun, tributary of Shatt-al-Arab •Largest river of Iran•Ahvaz – city located on it• worst air pollution in the world (WHO 2011)•Oil wells near Ahvaz
River Karun
River Karun
Ahvaz
River Jordan
Sea of Galilee
Dead Sea
Mt. Hermon
Dead Sea part of Rift Valley
•Dead sea is located on An arm of Great African rift valley – Jordan rift valley•Dead sea = lowest point on land surface•Second most saline lake in the world after lake Van
Dead Sea
•Origin: Mt. Hermon• Flows through a rift valley• Jordan: on east bank – canal irrigation – good agriculture• Jordan river drains Hula valley (north of sea of Galilee) of Israel• Israel canal from Sea of Galilee to central and south Israel
Importance of River Jordan
Navigation not possible – highly meandering, shallow and seasonal flow
Christians, Jews, and Muslims alike revere the Jordan
Importance of river Jordan
Before WWI, west Asia was under Ottoman empire
Most of Jews lived in eastern and central Europe
At the end of 19th century, beginning of Arab nationalism and Zionism
Zionism (return to Zion) – re-establish Jewish nation of Israel in Palestine (historic homeland, described in their scriptures)
Palestine- Israel conflict
1859- 1880s widespread persecution of Jews in Europe and Russia
Zionist movement turned into political movement in 1897
Jewish people, wealthy trading community in Europe
Jewish National fund was created – started buying lands in Palestine
Palestine- Israel conflict
WWI Jews supported UK, France and RussiaAfter WWI Ottoman empire came under British rule
1916- Sykes- Picot agreement Jordan, Israel, Palestine territory to British
1917- British occupied Palestine region1917- Balfour declaration- establishment of Israel as homeland for Jews – not implemented
But Jews immigration grew under British mandate + Nazi rule in Germany
Arab attacks increased with Jews settlements
Palestine- Israel conflict
By 1948 British mandate expiredState of Israel established in 1948After end of British mandate Egypt, Jordan Syria and Iraq started evading territories
Egypt occupied Gaza strip and Jordan west bank
Egypt supported Palestinian volunteers for fidayeen attacks against Israel in Gaza strip
1967, Israel occupied West bank from Jordan and Gaza strip from Egypt
Palestine- Israel conflict
Golan heights- part of French mandate of Syria after WWII
After 1944, became part of independent Syria
1967 –conflict between Syria and Israel
Golan Heights – internationally recognized as Syrian territory but occupied by Israel since 1967
Palestine- Israel conflict
Turkey Iran
Anatolia Plateau – Radial drainage
Important lakes
Lake Van
Lake Urmia
Darya-i-namak
Turkey
Lake Van =Most saline lake of the world (330)
Located at foothills of Mt. Ararat in Turkey
It does not freeze even during harsh winter due to high salinity
Lake Urmia = Largest fresh water lake of Iran
Lake Darya –i- namak = salty lake – salinity 200
Iran
•Lake Urmia shrunk by 90%•Lake attracts migratory birds•Droughts + Irrigation projects•Salt storm – increase salinity of surrounding soil
Lake Urmia
•Used to be 4th largest lake in the world•Feed by Amu Darya and Syr Darya• Irrigation for Soviet cotton industry•Uzbekistan – top cotton producer – irrigation from Amu Darya
Aral Sea
•Amu Darya ceased to reach Aral sea•Volume of water of Syr Darya declined to Aral sea•Due to concentration of pesticides and fertilizers – saltier – death of fishes
Aral sea
Important Straights
Bab-al-Mandeb
Strait of HormuzGulf of
Aqaba
Gulf of Suez
Straights around Turkey
Countries bordering Black SeaCountries bordering Caspian Sea
Tropic of cancer passing which of the countries in West Asia
TO be noted down
Facts
Climate of West Asia
Mediterranean climate
Tropical climate
Mediterranean Arid/desert climate
Arid to semi-arid climateWater shortage – Saudi Arabia and other countries of Arabian Peninsula, Iran depend upon desalination of sea water
Shortage of agriculture landProblems of Desertification of soilImporters of food grains
Climate of West Asia
Tropical agriculture in West Asia
Rice
Cotton
Cotton
Pistachio, Raisin and Saffron
Coffee
Mocha
Temperate fruits
Cotton, sugar beet, Tobacco
•Fruit orchards: oranges, grapes, cherries etc.•Turkey – Olives•Lebanon – Fruits and Olives • Israel -Jaffa oranges, tomatoes and Lime•organic farming
Mediterranean agriculture
•Ancient irrigation practice of Iran and Afghanistan•Underground irrigation technique•Taps underground mountain water source•Series of tunnels from the source to places of irrigation
Qanat system of Irrigation
Drip irrigation sprinklers
Irrigation in Israel in modern times
•Called Tal-Ya technology•Plastic trays Collects Dew – and funnel it to the plants•Saves water required for irrigation
Tal-Ya Irrigation in Israel
India- Israel cooperation in agriculture agreement 2008
Israel has set up Center for excellence in India
Indian farmers learn Techniques like, vertical farming, soil solarisation, protective farming (use of green house and poly houses)
India and Israel agro-cooperation
Vertical farming Soil solarisation
Mineral reserve in West Asia
More than half of the world’s oil
reserve and 40% of natural gas
reserve
•Saudi has about 100 major oil fields•Ghawar oil field – largest oil field in the world
Oil reserve of Saudi Arabia
Ras Tannurah
AL Qatif
Ad Dammam
Al Zulof
Khuraus
•Majnoon field•Halfaya field•West Qurna field•Rumaylah field•East Baghdad field
Oil reserve of Iraq
Majnoon
Halfaya
West Qurna Rumaylah
East Baghdad
Kirkuk
•Azadegan•Yadavaran•Ahvaz•Marun•Gach Saran•Agha Jari•Ramin•South Pars
Oil reserve of Iran
Azadegan Yadavaran
Ahavaz Marun
Gach Saran
Oil reserves of Arabian Peninsula
India – 4th largest energy consumer Following China, US and RussiaIndia started import of LNG in 20044th largest LNG importer: after Japan, South Korea and China
India’s energy imports
Top sources of Crude Oil
Saudi ArabiaIraqIranKuwaitUAENigeriaVenezuelaAngola
QatarEgyptOmanAustraliaSaudi Arabia
Top sources of Natural gas
India’s energy import
1) Saudi Arabia2) Iraq3) Venezuela4) Qatar5) Kuwait6) UAE
7) Nigeria8) Iran9) Angola
India’s import of Petroleum (2012-13)
From Data.gov.in
Important Ports of West Asia
Jeddah
Ad Dammam
Bandar Abbas
Beirut
AqabaElat
Port Haifa
Latakia
Basra
Aden
Muscat
