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Linguistics School
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The Geneva SchoolName of the group ------ The Geneva SchoolCountry of origin ------- SwitzerlandLeader --------------------- Ferdinand de SaussureFollowers ------------------ Charles Bally and A. SechehayeSchool of thought -------- Modern Structuralism LinguisticsMain idea ----------------- Synchrony and Diachronic
Langue and ParoleSaussure’s Theory of Linguistic SignSaussure Theory of Associative ValueSyntagmatic and ParadigmaticSaussure’s Contribution
Influence ------------------ Number of circle having Structuralism Linguistics
Outline Ferdinand de Saussure Synchrony and Diachronic Langue and Parole Saussure’s Theory of Linguistic Sign Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Saussure Theory of Associative Value & Influence of Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure
Father of Modern Linguistics
Born26 November 1857Geneva, Switzerland
Died22 February 1913 (aged 55) Vaud, Switzerland
Era 19th-century philosophy
Region Western Philosophy
School Structuralism, semiotics
Main interests Linguistics
Notable ideas
Langue and parole, synchronic analysis, arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Synchrony is the study of a language in a given time
Diachronic is the study of a language in through time/ development of any language
Synchronic and Diachronic
Synchronic linguistics deals with systems, Diachronic with units
Indo European
Germanic
W. Germanic
Low Germanic
Anglo-Saxon
Middle English
Modern English
Langue and Parole
Langue - the language system and Parole - the act of speaking.
Parole refers to the individual language acts.
Langue is the common possession of a speech community.
Saussure’s Theory of Linguistic Sign
SignifiedSignifierSign
Signifier - The signifier is the pointing finger, the word, the sound-image.
Signified - The signified is the concept, the meaning, the thing indicated by the
signifier
NumberSignifier
Signified
Syntagmatic is the chain relationship by structure
Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic
Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic
The cat sat on the mat.
Subject
Verb
Article NounObject
Preposition
Article
Noun
Paradaigmatic is the choiec relationship in word
Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic
The cat sat on the mat. dog
rabbitbird
Saussure Theory of Associative ValueInfluence of Saussure
As mentioned by waterman, “Saussure’s influence upon subsequent linguistic theory has understandably been of
major importance. Indeed in Western world at any rate, all hues of structuralism have come under his influence.
The Copenhagen SchoolThe Prague SchoolThe London School
The American School
Saussure’s fountain principle is his notion of double entity. Everything in language can be defined in double terms: •The duality of sound and meaning;•The duality of the langue and parole;•The duality of Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic;•The duality of Synchronic and Diachronic.
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