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Genetic resources of potato
Ningappa kirasur2014-12-129Dept. of OlericultureCOH, Vellanikkara
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Potatoo Solanum tuberosum
o Solanaceae
o 2n=48
o South America
o Fourth important food crop after rice, wheat and
maize
o Introduced to India in 17th century by Portuguese
2
Biosystematics
o Genus Solanum - consists of >2000 species
o More than 200 species were tuber bearing species including
20 cultivated species
o The tuber bearing species are grouped under the section -
petota, sub section potatoe with 19 series.
o Among cultivated species , two important auto tetraploids
o S. tuberosum ssp tuberosum and S. tuberosum ssp andigena
3
Contd…
o Two diploid species are S. phureja and S. stenotomum
o Other wild species of the series tuberosa are,
o S. sparsipilum, S. leptophys, S. berthaultii, and S.
spegazzinii, S. vernei
o Cultivated potato is crossable with other cultivated species
and wild diploid species
4
Contd…
5
Contd…
o Wild species have been found useful for transgression of
genes for resistance to diseases and insect pests
o The cultivated species S. tuberosum ssp tuberosum -
widely spread in Europe, USA, Canada and Asia
o While S. tuberosum ssp andigena - is grown only in the
andeas of South America
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Origin and domestication
o Potato is originated in the Andean region of Peru and
Bolivia in south America
o It was domesticated in 10,000 – 7000 years ago
o First domesticated species was Solanum stenotomum,
which originated from the wild species S. leptophyes
o The other progenitors of present day cultivated potato,
with three wild species S. sparsipilum, S. acaule and S.
megistacrolobum
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Contd…
8 Origin and domestication
Cytology
o Basic chromosome no. x=12
o Diploid 2n=2x=24
o Triploid 2n=3x=36
o Tetraploid 2n=4x=48
o Pentaploid 2n=5x=60
o Hexaploid 2n=6x=72
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1. Solanum stenotomum
2. Solanum phureja
3. Solanum goniocalyx
4. Solanum ajanhuiri
Diploid species (2n=2x=24)
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Triploid species (2n=3x=36)
1. Solanum chauch
2. Solanum juzepczukii
Pentaploid species (2n=5x=60)
3. Solanum curtilobum
Contd…
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Ploidy levels in potato
Ploidy level Numbers Percentage
2x 129 73
3x 7 4
4x 27 15
5x 3 2
6x 10 6
Total 176 100
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Variability of tuber size in potato
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Wild species
1. Solanum leptophyes
2. Solanum sparsipilum
3. Solanum acaule
4. Solanum megistacrolobum
5. Solanum bolivense
6. Solanum demissum
7. Solanum microdontum
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Solanum tuberosum var. tuberosum
Solanum vernei var. vernei16
Solanum laxum
Solanum hjertingii 17
Solanum microdontum
18
Solanum demissum
19
Solanum tuberosum var andigena
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Solanum dulcamara
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Solanum acaule
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Solanum donianum
Solanum ensifolium
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Solanum species Traits of interest
S. andigena Late blight, immune to virus x and y
S. bulbocastanum Late blight resistance
S. jamessi Fusarium wilt resistance
S. pinnatisectum Late blight resistance
S. stenotomum Frost resistance
S. stoloniferum Immune to PVA and PVY , resistance to late blight
S. multidissectum Nematodes resistance
Species used for introgression of genes in to potato
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Source of resistance in wild species
o Solanum demissum - late blight, leaf roll virus
o Solanum acaule - PVX, PLRV, spindle tuber viroid
o Solanum chacoensis - PVA, PVY, late blight, tuber moth
o Solanum spegazzinii - Fusarium, wart, cyst nematode
o Solanum stoloniferum - PVA, PVY
o Solanum vernei - Cyst nematode
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Potato germplasm conservation institutes
o CIP- International potato center - Peru
o CPRI- Central potato research institute- Shimla
o Gene bank holds 80% of the worlds native potato and sweet
potato germplasm
o Also maintains more than 1,500 accessions of native
Andean root and tuber crops (ARTCs )26
Contd....
o In vitro germplasm is available for distribution
o Used in breeding programs over 100 countries
o CIP’s in vitro gene bank is the first to obtain International
Standards Organization (ISO) 17025 accreditation for safe
and secure germplasm movement
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Contd…
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THANK YOU
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