GENETIC RESOURCES FAMILY POACEAE IN THE FLORA OF NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC

1793

AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS ISSN: 2392 – 876X Available online at: www.researchthoughts.us

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GENETIC RESOURCES FAMILY POACEAE IN

THE FLORA OF NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS

REPUBLIC

IBRAHIMOV A. SH.1, NABIYEVA F. KH.2

1Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Head of the Department "Systematics of plants"

2Candidate of agricultural sciences, Docent, Leading Researcher of the Department

"Systematics of plants"

Institute of Bioresources Nakhchiva, Branch of the National Academy of Sciences of

Azerbaijan

Abstract: This article provides information about the current state of taxonomy, genetic resources of

species belonging to the family of cereals - Poaceae Barnhart in flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous

Republic of Azerbaijan. Clarified that this family is represented by 95 genus and 297 species.

Contains: 1-Ordo-Poales, 1-Subfamilya, 13-Triba, 88-Sector, 12-Subgen, 60-Subsp. and 23-Variasya.

32 species are rare-endangered. There are new taxa are endemic and their wild relatives, the protection

of which is considered to be important issues.

Key Words: vegetation, flora, cereals, genus, species, genetic resources, new taxa

INTRODUCTION

A separate, physically isolated, area of land- the Autonomous Republic of Nachchivan

is situated in the southwest of the Lesser Caucasus, in typical mountaineers. It has

borders with Iran (163 km, some of which lies along the Araz River), Turkey (11 km)

and Armenia (224 km). Nachchivan covers some 5,362 km2 and at its widest, the

territory stretches 158 km (from north-east to south-west).

The total territory within the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan is 526,300 ha.

The highest point in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is Gapidjig Mountain (3,906

m). Other important mountain ranges include the Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges in

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Ibrahimov A. Sh., Nabiyeva F. Kh.- GENETIC RESOURCES FAMILY POACEAE IN THE FLORA OF

NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC

1794 AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS- Volume 1 │ Issue 7 │2015

the northeast of the region, where there are a number of peaks over 3,000 m. A third of

the territory of Nakhchivan is covered by grassland/steppe, totaling some 172 km2, of

which some 10,000 ha is salinized.

The Autonomous republic Nakhchivan has particularly continental climate, with

over 2800 hours of sunshine annually recorded in the Araz steppes. Rainfall in

Nakhchivan varies between 200 and 600 mm, with low humidity throughout. Minimum

and maximum recorded temperatures in the region are -300 C and +400 C respectively.

The area is characterized by hot dry winds, which blow 50-70 days of the year (above

1,000 m) [1, p. 11-14].

EXPERIMENTAL PART

Of the 20 bio-geographical regions represented within Azerbaijan, three are found in

the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan (Nakhchivan plain, Nakhchivan Mountain

and Nakhchivan high mountain zones). Nakhchivan AR is considered to be unique

botanical-geographical district in Small Caucasus, differing from surrounding areas by

its floristic composition, which is dominated by xerophytes (65% of the flora), and is

most similar to Middle Asia, north Iranian and Mediterranean floras. Xerophytes

geographical type organizes 65,4% (1889 species) of the total species. Nakhichevan

supports a range of plant communities, and most of the zoological groups present in

Azerbaijan. The main ecosystems present in the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan

include desert, semi-desert, mountain xerophytes, frigana (dry mountain vegetation),

gariga (scrub), forest (including arid forest systems), scrub, subalpine meadow, alpine

meadow, alpine tundra, subnival and nival zones, high mountain zones and wetlands

[1, p. 28-30; 7].

Alpine and sub-alpine meadows in Nakhchivan are highly diverse, supporting

over 890 plant species [8]. There is a greater area of alpine meadows, which are

dominated by cereals: such as Agrostis alba, Phleum alpinum, Carex canescens, and Nardus

stricta, and the low productivity of these areas restricts grazing potential. High

mountain meadows and pastures (at 2000-3000 m altitude have been affected by over-

grazing, leading to invasion by non-palatable plants. At high altitudes (3200-3700 m) the

vegetation becomes shorter and more patchy, dominated by with grass Poa alpina,

Hordeum violaceum, Bromopsis adjarica, Colpodium versicolor, Sesleria phleoides,




Calamagrosnis olympica, Agrosnis lazica, Alopecuruc dasyanthus, A.textilis, A. aucheri,

Phleum alpinum, Anthoxanthum odoratum (Table 1)

№ Species The number of species % of total (297)

1. Phyllostachys Sieb. & Zucc. 1 0, 34

2. Brachypodium Beauv. 4 1,35

3. Elymus L. 2 0, 67

4. Elytrigia Desv. 9 3,03

5. Agropyron Gaertn. 3 1,01

6. Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach. 5 1,68

7. Heteranthelium Hochst. 1 0, 34

8. Aegilops L. 9 3,03

9. Triticum L. 12 4,04

10. Secale L. 5 1,68

11. Hordeum L. 9 3,03

12. Taeniatherum Nevski 1 0, 34

13. Henrardia C.E. Hubb. 1 0, 34

14. Bromus L. 12 4,04

15. Bromopsis Fourr. 13 4,38

16. Anizantha C.Koch 3 1,01

17. Boissiera Hochst. ex Steud. 1 0, 34

18. Avena L 5 1,68

19. Avenula (Dumort.) Dumort. 2 0, 67

20. Arrhenatherum Beauv. 2 0, 67

21. Gaudinopsis Eig 1 0, 34

22. Anthoxanthum L. 2 0, 67

23. Trisetum Pers. 3 1,01

24. Trisetaria Forssk. 1 0, 34

25. Rostraria Trin. 1 0, 34

26. Koeleria Pers. 4 1,35

27. Deschampsia Beauv. 1 0, 34

28. Avenella Drej. 1 0, 34

29. Aira L. 1 0, 34

30. Milium L. 4 1,35

31. Calamagrostis Adans 3 1,01

32. Apera Adans 2 0, 67

33. Lagurus L. 1 0, 34

34. Agrostis L. 8 2,69

35. Polypogon Desf. 4 1,35




36. Schedonorus Beauv. 3 1,01

37. Lolium L. 5 1,68

38. Drymochloa Holub 1 0, 34

39. Festuca L. 6 2,02

40. Bellardiochloa Chiov. 1 0, 34

41. Vulpia C.C. Gmel. 4 1,35

42. Nardurus Reichenb. 1 0, 34

43. Loliolum V.Krecz. & Bobr. 1 0, 34

44. Scleropoa Griseb. 1 0, 34

45. Cutandia Willk. 1 0, 34

46. Poa L. 17 5,72

47. Eremopoa Roshev. 4 1,35

48. Catabrosella (Tzvel.) Tzvel. 4 1,35

49. Catabrosa Beauv. 1 0, 34

50. Colpodium Trin. 1 0, 34

51. Zingeria P.A.Smirn. 1 0, 34

52. Puccinellia Parl. 3 1,01

53. Sclerochloa Beauv. 2 0, 67

54. Dactylis L. 1 0, 34

55. Cynosurus L. 1 0, 34

56. Briza L. 2 0, 67

57. Parapholis C.E. Hubb. 1 0, 34

58. Sesleria Scop. 1 0, 34

59. Echinaria Desf. 1 0, 34

60. Phalaroides Wolf 1 0, 34

61. Phalaris L. 3 1,01

62. Phleum L. 6 2,02

63. Rhizocephalus Boiss. 1 0, 34

64. Alopecurus L. 8 2,69

65. Glyceria R. Br. 3 1,01

66. Melica L. 9 3,03

67. Achnatherum Beauv. 3 1,01

68. Stipa L. 13 4,38

69. Piptatherum Beauv. 3 1,01

70. Nardus L. 1 0, 34

71. Schismus Beauv. 2 0, 67

72. Phragmites Adans. 2 0, 67

73. Aristida L. 1 0, 34

74. Stipogrostis Nees. 2 0, 67

75. Aeluropus Trin. 2 0, 67




76. Cleistogenes Keng. 1 0, 34

77. Boriskellera Terechov 1 0, 34

78. Eragrostis Wolf 4 1,35

79. Cynodon Rich. 1 0, 34

80. Crypsis Ait. 2 0, 67

81. Tragus Hall. 1 0, 34

82. Panicum L. 1 0, 34

83. Echinochloa Beauv. 1 0, 34

84. Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. 1 0, 34

85. Eriochloa Kunth 1 0, 34

86. Digitaria Hall. 3 1,01

87. Setaria Beauv. 6 2,02

88. Pennisetum Rich. 1 0, 34

89. Erianthus Michx. 1 0, 34

90. İmperata Cyr. 1 0, 34

91. Sorghum Moench 6 2,02

92. Chrysopogon Trin. 1 0, 34

93. Bothriochloa Kuntze 1 0, 34

94. Arthraxon Beauv. 1 0, 34

95. Zea L. 1 0, 34

Table 1: Taxonomic range of cereals of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

During the study, some taxa and higher taxonomic units it was discovered by us:

Subfam. Bambusoideae Aschers. & Graebn.; genus: Phyllostachys Sieb. & Zucc., species:

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. & Zucc., Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch, Aegilops tauschii

Coss., A. umbellulata Zhuk., Genus: Anthoxanthum L., A. odoratum L., A. alpinum A. & D.

Löve, Phragmite altissimus (Benth.) Nabille; genus: Lagurus L., L. ovatus L. etc.[2, p. 88-91;

3, p. 71-78; 6, p. 7].

We clarified that out of 95 genera and 297 species of grasses flora Autonomous

Republic 32 species are rare-endangered. They need protection. Each rare plant related

to one of the categories adopted by the Commission on rare-endangered species of the

International Union for Conservation of Nature and its resources [5, p. 72-79; 6, 8; 9, p.

47-63; 10, 11, 13, p. 107-347] (table 2).

The Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan is an important center of plant

endemism and supports over 50% of the endemic plants found in Azerbaijan.

Endemism is particularly high within a number of botanical families, including legumes

and peas, roses and wild cherries, asters and wormwoods and grasses (endemism is




high in Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae). Recent re-evaluation suggests the

territory has 112 country endemics, and 219 regional (Caucasian) endemics, and an

additional 73 plants are locally distributed within Iran and Turkey [1, p. 34-38, 7, 8].

Approximately 65 endemic species and sub-species are found only in

Nakhchivan, including Scrophularia nachiczevanica, Stipa isajevi, S. karjaginii and

Pyrethrum ordubadica. Some wild ancestors of wheat (Triticum monococcum, T. araraticum

and T. urartu occur in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, mainly in the area of

Garagush Montain (2600). Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), blu barley (H. glaucum),

bulbed barley (H. bulbosum), violet barley (H. violaceum) and rye barley (H. secalinum)

weed-field rye (Secale segetable), transcaucasian rye (S. vavilovi), anatoly rye (S.

anatolicum) and wild rye (S. silvestre) [8].

Scientific and Research Base of Nakhchivan served for dissemination of

xerophyte plants, possessing shrill continental climate of the NAR, eorting influence on

modulation of vegetable cover we defined 2984 wild plants and crop plants on

contemporary flora collected in 172 families and in 892 genus was represented with

Poaceae Barnhart, half of a family, 19 tribes, half, of 34 sub-tribes and 95 genus as well

350 species, according to the number of the species 95 monotypes (1 species), 40

olygotypes (2-7 species), 12 polytypes (8-23 species). The grass is being used mainly,

with feed, food, adornment, lawn and aborigine genetic material and other purposes [3,

7, 8].

№ Names of species Location Geographical types

Method of

protection

1. Boissiera squarrosa

Hochst.ex Steud.

Around the

Chakhangala Iran-Turan

1

2. Heteranthelium piliferum

(Banks.) Hjchst.

Ilanlıdag, Akuyliscay,

Nekhram

East-mediterranean

armenian-iranian-turan

1

3. Rhizoctphalus oritntalis

Boiss.

around the

Chakhangala Iran-Turan

1

4. Stipa issaevii

Musajev et Sadychov Kulus Atropatena

1

5. Bromopsis villosula

(Stev.) Holub

Highland, the top

mountain ridges Central-east euro-Caucasian

2

6. Koeleria kurdica

Ujhelyi Shabuz, Julfa, Ordubad Armeno-iranian

2

7. Melica schischkinii

İ. İljinsk.

low- an average,

mountainous

East-mediterranean

armenian-iranian

2




Qabaqyal

8. Stipa karjaginii

Musajev et Sadychov tea close to Arpaçay Armeno-iranian

2

9. Triticum boeoticum

Boiss. around the Lizbirt

East-mediterranean-

Caucasian

2

10. Agrostis olympica

(Boiss) Bor

Nakhchivan up the

down the mountain Armeno-iranian

3

11. Alopecurus aucheri

Boiss.

Lakatagh, Shabuz,

Ordubad Iran-turan

3

12. Arrhenatherum kotschyi

Boiss.

Vaykhir, Nehram,

Saraybulaq Armeno-iranian

3

13. Cutandia memphitica

(Spreng.) Benth. Nakh. AR Mediterranean

3

14. Holcus annuus

Salzm. ex C.A. Mey.

Ordubad-Lock

Aracıqdagh,

East-mediterranean-

armenian-iranian-Caucasian

3

15. Lolium loliaceum

(Bory.) Hand.-Mazz. Damirlidagh, Bichanak

East-mediterranean-

armenian-iranian-Caucasian

3

16. Milium transcaucasicum

Tzvel. Kola, Duman forest Armeno-iranian

3

17. M. effusum L.

around the the village

Urmus Euro-siberian

3

18. Piptatherum molimioides

Boiss. Ardıcdagh, Velidgh Armeno-iranian

3

19. Poa araratnca

Tratvetv.

Paragha, Urmus,

Agyurt Iran-turan

3

20. P.longifolia

Trin.

Between Ordubad-

Mehri,

Central anatoly.-armenian-

iranian-Caucasian

3

21. Secale vavilovii

Grossh.

Valley of the Aras

River Armeno-iranian

3

22. Stipa araxensis

Grossh. Nehram, Dərəsham

Central-anatoly.-armenian-

iranian-Caucasian

3

23. S.caucasica

Schmalh. lowland Julfa Iran-turan

3

24. S. nachiczevanica

Musajev et Sadych.

around the

Chakhangala Atropatan

3

25. S. ehrenbergiana

Trin.

Ilanlıdag, Akuyliscay,

Nekhram

East-mediterranean-

armenian-iranian

3

26. S. pennata

L.

around the

Chakhangala Euro-siberian

3

27. S. transcaucasicum

Grossh. Kulus Armenian-iranian

3




28. S. pontica

P.Svirnow in Fedde.

Highland, the top

mountain ridges front-asian

3

29. Triticum araraticum

Jacubz. Shabuz, Julfa, Ordubad Armenian-iranian

3

30. Secale vavilovi

Grossh.

low- an average,

mountainous

Qabaqyal

Atropatan

2

31. S. anatolicum

Boissier. tea close to Arpaçay front-asian mountainous

2

32. Heteranthelium piliferum

Hochst.in Kots. around the Lizbirt Asia Minor-Iran

2

Note: 1. Creation of the wildlife sanctuary; 2. Control over a condition population and administering to

the culture; 3. Monitoring over the condition and full protection

Table 2: Rare and disappearing species of cereals Nakhchivan AR

There are a lot of precious species in other tribes which are of selectional importance, as:

Triticeae Dum., Avenae Dum., Poeae S. PresI., Panical R.Br. Triticale Dum. Including 3

subtribes (Triticinae Trin. ex. Grossh., Hordeinae Dum. Henrardinae Pils.) and 13 genus

as: (Elymus L., Elytrigia Desf., Agropyron Gaertn., Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub & Spach.,

Heteranthelium Hochst., Aegilops L., Triticum L., Secale L., Leymus Hochst., Hordeum L.,

Hordelimus (Less.) Bars., Taeniatnerum Nevski, Henrardia G. E. Rubb. All species of grain

variety are being disseminated here, which attract the attention of world selectioners:

Triticum aestivum L., T. araraticum Jakubz., T. boeoticum Boiss., T. carthlicum Nevski, T.

compactum Host., T. dicoccon (Schrank.) Schuebl., T. durum Desf., T. x. fungicidum Zhuk.,

T. jakubzineri (Udachin & Shakhmedov) Udachin & Shakhmedov, T. macha Dekapr. &

Menabde., T. militinae Zhuk. & Migush., T. monococcum L., T. turgidum L., T. turanicum

Jakubz., T. urartu Thum. ex Gandiljan, T. spelta L., T. timopheeii (Zhuk.) Zhuk., T.

polonicum L., T. sphaerococcum Perciv., T. vavilovii Jakubz. [4, p.131]

Two of species can be met in the area of Sharur Province of the NAR as: T.

araraticum Jacubz. T. and T. boeaticum Boiss as well seldom these species were spread

around the Aznabyurd (Chalkhangala) Village and Near Garagush Mountain. Other

species are being met in agrophytocenosis. Three of rye - Secale L., 5 varieties: Secale

vavilovii Grossh., S. anatolicum Boiss., S. segetale (Zhuk.) Roshev., S. segetale (Zhuk.)

Roshev. var. rubellum (V. & V. antropov) Roshev., S. sereale L., eight of barley variety

Hordeum L. 10: H. bulbosum L., H. geniculatum All., H. brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link, H.

leporinum Link, H. murinum L., H. spontaneum C.Koch, H. glaucum Steud., H. violaceum

Boiss. & Huet, H. vulgare L., H. disticnon L. Taenatherum Nevski 1: T. crinitum (Schreb.)




Nevski., seven of grain-grass genus Aegilops L. 12: A. biuncialis Vis., A. colurnnaris Zhuk.,

A. speltoides Taussch, A. crassa Boiss., A. geniculata Roth, A. umbellulata Zhuk., A.

ventricosa Tausch, A. cylindrica Host, A. tausehii Coss., A. triuncialis L., A. triuncialis L.

subsp. Persica (Boiss.) Zhuk., A. neglecta Reg.ex Beertol (A. ovata L.), three of threatened

variety Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach 4: E. orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach, E. distans

(C.Koch) Nevski, E. bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski, E. tritceum (Gaertn.) Nevski, three of

variety Aeluropus. Trin 3: A.littoralus (Gouan) ParI., A. pungens (Bieb.) C. Koch, A.

repens (Desf.) Parl., six of you all varieties Avena L.) 9: A. persica Steud, A. barbata Pott ex

Link, A. ventricosa. Bal.ex Coss., A. fatua L., A. sativa L., A. meridionalis (Malz.) Roshev.,

A. sterilis L., A. eriantha Durieu, A. macrantha (Hack.) Nevski are disseminated in the

territory. An endemic family of the NAR includes: Triticum boeaticum Bioss., T.

araraticum lakubuz, T. urartu Thum.ex Gandiljan, Avena venfricosa Bal. ex coss Secale

vavilovii Grossh., Rhizocephalus orientalis Boiss., Boissiera sguarrosa (Banks. & Soland.)

Nevski.

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