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Generation of Mobile Communication Systems Done By : Jincy Abraham B090238CS

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Page 1: Generation of mobile communication systems

Generation of Mobile

Communication Systems

Done By :Jincy Abraham

B090238CS

Page 2: Generation of mobile communication systems

Mobile communication is an important aspect in communication technology and mobile phone has become the most common tool of communication over the recent years.

INTRODUCTION

Several innovative improvements regarding mobilecommunication technologies have been made by developing various multiple-access schemes used for wirelesscommunication (such as TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, etc).

The big challenge is to select the right technology for the applications and systematically identify the factors that influence the overall performance.

Page 3: Generation of mobile communication systems

Mobility is one of the most invigorating features, having an enormous impact on how communication is evolving into the future.

Mobility in 4G networks requires new level of mobility support as compared to traditional mobility.

This presentation brings about the different generations of mobile technology and identifies the different issues and challenges related to mobility management in 4G networks.

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0TH GENERATIONPre-cell phone mobile telephony technology, such as radio telephones that some had in cars before the arrival of cell phones.

Communication was possible through voice only.

These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks.

Technologies :PTT(Push to Talk)MTS (Mobile Telephone System)IMTS (Improved MTS)

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First Mobile Radio Telephone-1924

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1st GENERATIONAnalog cell phones.A voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHzand it is transmitted between radio towers. This is done using atechnique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA). Technologies:

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone)AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

Problems :No security Prone to distortions

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Page 8: Generation of mobile communication systems

2nd GENERATIONDigital cell phonesSpeed: 10kbits/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 31-41 minDifferent Services :

digital voice callingshort message service (SMS)

Standards: GSM CDMA TDMA

Benefits:consume less battery power

improves the voice clarity reduces noise in the linesecrecy and safety to the data and voice calls

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Page 10: Generation of mobile communication systems

3rd GENERATION 2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow

transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs.

3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data over the same network simultaneously.

Applications :Internet, e-mail, fax, e-commerce, music,

video clips, and videoconferencing

The aim of the 3G is to allow for more coverage and growth with minimum investment.

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Combines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TV

Features includes:- Phone calls- Global roaming- Send/receive large email messages- High-speed Web- Navigation/maps - Videoconferencing- TV streaming- Electronic agenda meeting reminder-GPS

Speed: 144kb/sec-3mb/sec i.e. 1 million bits, or 125,000 bytes, of data are being transferred per second Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min

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3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks:

Enhanced audio and video streamingSeveral Times higher data speedVideo-conferencing supportWeb and WAP browsing at higher speedsIPTV (TV through the Internet) support

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DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION

2G

1G

3G 1.High bandwidth requirement. 2. High spectrum licensing fees.

3.Huge capital.

The GSM is a circuit switched, connection oriented technology, where the end systems are dedicated for the entire call session. This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources. They are unable to handle

complex data such as video.

Poor voice quality, Poor battery life, Large phone size, No security, frequent call drops, Limited capacity and poor

handoff reliability.

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Page 16: Generation of mobile communication systems

4th GENERATION4G development focuses around achieving ultra-broadband speeds, competing with and in some cases outstripping the speeds provided by your home internet connection.

4G average speeds are targeted to be in the 100Mbps to 1Gbps range, roughly 10 to 100 times (dependent on location) faster than 3G networks. At that rate, that 4-minute MP3 download would take you mere seconds.

A 4G phone can run on a 3G network just fine, and it’ll be ready for the 4G revolution when the time comes.

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There are two major systems in U.S, which are using the 4G mobile technology  – WiMax, backed by Clearwire and Long Term Evolution or LTE.

WiMax’s majority owner is Sprint Nextel. Sprint currently has two mobile phones, the HTC Evo and the Samsung Epic, which achieve speeds 10 times faster than 3G; coverage is still limited to major metropolitan cities. Outside of these areas, data speeds revert to 3G.

Long Term Evolution is backed by Verizon. According to cnet, Verizon has completed initial 4G wireless test, but not available for widespread use until end of 2012.

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Features include:- A spectrally efficient system- High network capacity- Huge data rate- Perfect connectivity & global roaming- High quality of service- Security & Privacy

Speed:

The data transfer is 100 Mbps for outdoor and 1Gbps for indoor.

The word “MAGIC” also refers to 4G wireless technology which stands forMobile multimedia, Any-where, Global mobilitysolutions over, Integrated wireless and Customizedservices.

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The design is that 4G will be based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), which is the key enabler of 4G technology. Other technological aspects of 4G are adaptive processing and smart antennas, both of which will be used in 3G networks and enhance rates when used in with OFDM

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Page 21: Generation of mobile communication systems

Applications :

Games Games will be a major application segment in 4G.

Electronic Agents There will be e-assistance, e-secretaries, e-advisors, e-administrators etc. This kind of control is what home automation applications anticipate.

Broadband Access in Remote Locations 4G networks will provide a wireless alternative for

broadband access to residential and business customers. In addition, 4G will provide the first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

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Technology 3G 4GFrequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz

Bandwidth 5-20MHz 15-200MHz

Data rate Up to 2Mbps100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary

Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

• E-commerce• Business/Work• Private Life• Vehicular• Public Place• Entertainment• Education

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5th GENERATION

5G is a is a technology used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards.It is a Real wireless world that is a complete WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web. 5G technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. A user would never have experienced such a high value technology.

5G technology is going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market.5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system.

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CONCLUSIONWe have seen how the technology has progressed through the years.

4G mobile technologies will stimulate subscriber interest in broadband wireless applications because of its ability and flexibility towards the world of wireless mobile communications.4G just right started from 2002 and there are many standards and technologies, which are still in developing process.Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will look like and what services it will offer to people.

4G is the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will fulfill the idea of WWWW(5G), World Wide Wireless Web, offering more services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost

Since 3G mobile is still in the market, 4G reduces the market competition in the mobile industry

.

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REFERENCES

Generations of Mobile Wireless Technology: A Survey By Mudit Ratana Bhalla & Anand Vardhan BhallaInternational Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 5– No.4, August 2010

Evolution and Development Towards 4th Generation (4G) Mobile Communication Systems By M. Junaid Arshad, Amjad Farooq, Abad Shah

Journal of American Science

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