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Learning Gender Created by: Professor Hokerson American River College Last Updated: Spring 2013 Module C Lesson 2 Tutorial

Gender Tutorial

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This tutorial should be completed by ARC students enrolled in my online Psyc 300 class at American River College and corresponds with Module C Lesson 2.

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Page 1: Gender Tutorial

Learning Gender

Created by: Professor Hokerson

American River College

Last Updated: Spring 2013

Module C Lesson 2 Tutorial

Page 2: Gender Tutorial

Using this Tutorial

Use the navigation buttons at the bottom of the screen.

Click on hyperlinks when prompted.

Have fun and learn!

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Table of Contents (TOC) Objectives

◦ Module Objectives #18 - 21

Action Items Definitions Gender Gender Differences Gender Role Learning Defining Masculinity

Conclusions

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MODULE C OBJECTIVES

By the end of this tutorial you will be able to…

#18 – Explain two issues to consider when studying gender differences

#19– Summarize gender differences in personality, cognition, sexuality, and emotions

#20 - Describe gender role acquisition from childhood through adulthood, using social learning and gender schema theories.

#21 – Conclude the accuracy of describing men and women as the “opposites” sex

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ACTION ITEMS

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DefinitionsQuestion: Are these the same thing?

Read: “Introduction: Gender and Sexuality,” Chapter 10 pages 408 – 409

Although the terms are used interchangeably, they in fact are different. Sex is biological. Gender is a social construct.

Gender

Sex

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Gender Cross-Culturally Read: Gender Stereotypes and Gender Roles,

Chapter 10 pages 409 – 410.

Question: If gender were entirely socially constructed, how can the results from Williams and Best’s research studies find a “high degree of agreement on the characteristics associated with each sex” across 25 different cultures? (Hockenbury and Hockenbury, 2013, p. 410).

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Gender Identity

Activity: Complete the Gender I.D. Quiz.◦ What gender do your characteristics most resemble?

You are born with your biological sex, which includes

your genetic sex and your anatomical sex. Your culture

defines what it means to be male or female, that is your

gender. How you identify is called your gender identity.

For most people their genetic sex will match their

assigned sex, which will also match their gender

identity. But what if you took a test and found out that

the characteristics that make you unique are actually

descriptive of the “other” sex?

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Battle of the SexesThere is a growing body of research which substantiates

that men and women do have different characteristics and/or tendencies. What these studies don’t do, however, is explain why. Is it because men and women are born different or are we raised to develop differently? And do these differences equate to deficiencies?

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Gender Differences Read: “Gender-Related Differences” and “Are Women

Really More Emotional than Men?” in Chapter 10, pages 410 – 413.

Summarize: How are men and women different in personality, cognition, and sexual attitudes and behaviors?

Read: The New Sex Scorecard which offers some other examples of these differences, but explains them in the context of biological causes and discussed their effects.

Activity: After reading the article “The New Sex Scorecard” how are men and women different? Complete the Gender Differences Quizlet and Section A of the Gender Worksheet.

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Gender Role Learning Question: Where do these differences come from?

Reflection: Although there may be some biological differences in men and women, can you absolutely conclude that these differences are innate? In other words how do you know if boys and girls are born with these differences or if they are nurtured from their environments?

Read: “Gender-Role Development” in Chapter 10, pages 414 – 418.

Read: Do the toys we buy children matter? This article explores the effect of how we explain gender roles.

Activity: Complete section B of the Gender Worksheet.

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Social Learning Theory Question: At what age do we begin to learn gender?

Reflection: As you recall on page 414 that children as young as age 2 and 3 identify themselves by gender, however it is very concrete (hair length, color of clothing). They have not yet developed concrete operational thought yet!

Watch: From a very young age children are bombarded with advertising that sends a very clear message, to children, about what it means to be male or female, as demonstrated in this Gender in Advertising video.

Activity: Complete Part C of the Gender Worksheet.

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Defining MasculinityReflection: Which gender is more desirable? Which

is more nurturing? Although the characteristics of masculinity are more likely to be equated with success than are the characteristics of femininity, cultural gender roles aren’t changing but men are!

Read: How do men respond to the demands of their gender today? Here is an article titled Fatherhood 2.0 that examines this new plight of men!

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ConclusionsSometimes men and women are different.

◦ These differences do not mean deficiency or superiority.

◦ These differences are averages, not absolute. (p. 411)

Understanding the origins of gender differences is difficult.◦ Most researchers agree that it these differences are

most likely a combination of both nature and nurture.

Men and women are more similar than different.

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MODULE C OBJECTIVESBy the end of this tutorial you should now be able to…

#18 – Explain two issues to consider when studying gender differences

#19– Summarize gender differences in personality, cognition, sexuality, and emotions

#20 - Describe gender role acquisition from childhood through adulthood, using social learning and gender schema theories.

#21 – Conclude the accuracy of describing men and women as the “opposites” sex