Cross-Cultural Education; Gender Roles in Different

CulturesPaul Wiegand, Brandon Patten, Emma Robinson,

Rachel Hubby, Richard Pelletier, Paul Lucas

Australia’s Gender Roles●Men dominate the population●Men usually provide for the families●Women spend twice as much time with children

●Social Status has really changed in the past 50 years.

●Educated women are not as desirable

Changing formation of gender roles●Past male failings have deprived the new generation

●Male teacher population is declining●Males underachieve in english compared to girls

●since 1989 more women have attended college and 30 percent of them devote themselves to those career paths

Differences in HealthSuicide is 4 times more likely in men than in women. 16.7 in every 100,000 men commit suicideIt is 6.4 for womenBecause of this it is concluded that men have a lower life expectancy

AsiaJapan - Both men and women believe that women

should be stay at home parents while men bring the actual income. The Prime Minister, however, is pushing for changes to be made.

China - In the traditional Chinese family, the man is responsible for maintaining, providing for and protecting his family. Chinese mothers usually stay in the home to take care of the home, the children, and the rest of the family.

Asia - Cont.Russia- Russian men also expect that wife will take care of children and do most of housework. Also many Russian women think that the life is ideal if they live for the family.India- The women are expected to take care of the children while the men provide financially.

South American Gender RolesMen:Traditional

Men take leadership roles in the family.Men are the ones who work.Men are responsible to managing the family's

affairs.Men are expected to be aggressive and confident.

South AmericaWomen:Tradtional

Take the role of caretakerAre expected to have and raise childrenAre expected to be chaste until marriage.Family sizes are expected to be large

South AmericaChanging roles:

In the last decade there has been a mass incorporation of women into the formal workforce in Latin America.

We are seeing more women in positions of power and as heads of households.

Some StuffWomen earn between 60 percent and 90 percent of men’s average income. At the same time, the percentage of women heads of households grew from 22 percent in 1990 to 31 percent in 2008, according to the United Nations.

Gender Roles in North America●Constantly shifting●Modern day “Breadwinner Moms”

Traditional gender roles

Men Women

PowerfulAssertiveAgressiveSelf-Determined

CaregiverHomemaker

Gender Roles in North America ●Rise of Feminism●Family changed from patriarchy to partnership

●Mass Media driving force behind perpetuated stereotypes

Gender Roles in North America●African American families tend to through away “idealized” gender roles

●Young Canadians tend to cling to traditional gender roles

African CultureFemale•Under father’s then husband’s authority•Usually home-makers and child-bearers•Liberia has female president since 2006•Education cut short in some cases•Not admitted into the Defense Academy in Nigeria

Male•31% of societies based on male lineages•Sons are highly prized•Exercise power over female•Hunting, crop cultivation, animal rearing, fishing

European CultureWomen- Play a vital role in most families by having a job- No restrictions due to familial/marital status- Not allowed to lead religious services

Men- Men’s attainment of

secondary education has increased by 6% in 2 years

- Part time work is dominated by females; full time work is dominated by males

Australia Sources●NSW HSC Online●State of South Wales Department of Communities and Charles Sturt University

Asia Sourceshttp://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/07/19/editorials/ingrained-ideas-gender-roles/http://family.lovetoknow.com/chinese-family-valueshttp://countrystudies.us/russia/51.htmhttps://sites.google.com/site/welcometoindianculture/home/family-life/gender-roles--tradition-vs-modern

More Stuffhttps://docs.google.com/presentation/u/0/d/1eO-rx00mRWr72YFIXCF1FM7kaI1yRDJhLBOubn0ooKY/edit?usp=drive_web#slide=id.g9d00d72f4_2_17http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/20672132?uid=380875131&uid=3739800&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=67&uid=30783&uid=62&uid=3739256&sid=21106305030531http://www.cepal.org/de/publicaciones/xml/5/46825/2012-282-eclac-oit_6_web.pdfhttp://encyclopediaoflatinamericanandcaribbeananthropology.wikispaces.com/Gender+Roles

North America Sources http://krytyka.org/gender-stereotypes-in-mass-media-case-study-analysis-of-the-gender-stereotyping-phenomenon-in-tv-commercials/ http://www.lesley.edu/journal-pedagogy-pluralism-practice/safiya-jardine-arlene-dallalfar/sex-gender-roles/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2013/05/Breadwinner_moms_final.pdfThe Unfinished Revolution: How a New Generation Is Reshaping Family, Work, and Gender in America Medved, Caryn E Journal of Marriage and Family; Feb 2011; 73, 1; ProQuest Social Science Journals pg. 312http://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.htmlhttps://becauseiamagirl.ca/document.doc?id=250Changing gender roles in prime-time commercials in Malaysia, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States Mary Jiang Bresnahan;Inoue, Yasuhiro;Liu, Wen Ying;Nishida, Tsukasa Sex Roles; Jul 2001; 45, 1/2; ProQuest Social Science Journals pg. 117

References•Archibong, E. P., Bassey, A. O., Bassey, U. A., & Ojua, T. A. (2012). Gender and occupation in traditional African setting: a study of Ikot Effanga Mkpa community Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2 (3), 238-245.•Constanza, G. (2011). The state of gender relations in Africa: an assessment of the multifaceted issue of gender in Africa. Think Africa Press, 1. Retrieved from http://thinkafricapress.com/article/state-gender-relations-africa

European Source http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/files/gender_pay_gap/130424_final_report_role_of_men_en.pdf