“MEASURE WHAT IS MEASURABLE, AND MAKE MEASURABLE WHAT IS NOT SO.”

The life and achievements of Galileo Galilei

An Italian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the scientific revolution. Galileo made pioneering observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.

GalileoAstronomer, Scientist (1564–1642)

• Galileo was born in February 15, 1564, near the town of Pisa, Italy.

• His father Vincenzo was a musician and teacher. He studied the science of music.

• Galileo was sent to a monastery school at thirteen.

• At seventeen, Galileo returned to Pisa to study at the university there.

• He studied medicine to make his father happy, but his real interest lie in mathematics.

Early Life

• Due to financial difficulties, Galileo left the university in 1585 before earning his degree.

• Gained him a regular teaching post at the University of Pisa, in 1589.

• In 1592, found a new position at the University of Padua, teaching geometry, mechanics and astronomy.

• Galileo died in Arcetri, near Florence, Italy, on January 8, 1642

Carrier

• Thermometer

• Telescope

• Pendulum

• Compass

Inventions & Innovations

• People needed a way to tell the temperature outside or inside

• Galileo was taking medical school at the University of Pisa. His first invention was the thermometer

• He constructed a thermometer, which used the expansion and contraction of gas inside of a glass bulb to move water in an attached tube

Thermometer

• Invented and improved a Geometric and Military Compass.

• In 1596, he built a compass used for aiming cannonballs.

• It was also adapted for civilian use in land surveying.

• He made quite a bit of money off of this new invention.

Compass

• Though Galileo didn’t invent the telescope (Dutch opticians did), he improved upon it.

• The first telescope used a combination of two lenses within a tube, and it could magnify items by three times, but showed them upside down.

• But when Galileo constructed his own telescope in 1609, he added a third lens. His telescope magnified items by eight times and showed them right side up.

• Galileo built several telescopes, including one that would magnify items by a factor of 30.

Telescope

• Another invention that Galileo worked on was a pendulum clock.

• Galileo discovered isochronism – that the time it takes for the pendulum to swing is not linked to the arc of the pendulum.

• He also created a design for a pendulum clock in 1641, but never completed one before his death.

Pendulum

• Galileo discovered four of Jupiter's largest moons: Io, Europa, Calisto, and Ganymede.

• In September of 1610, Galileo observed that Venus, like the moon, exhibited a full set of phases.

• This helped prove that the universe was heliocentric.

• Galileo was the first to discover that the Moon was rough and uneven

Astronomy

• Galileo observed the Milky Way and found it to be stars that were packed together densely

• Galileo located many stars that were too far from Earth to be visible with the naked eye alone.

• In1612, Galileo observed Neptune without realizing it was a planet. He considered it to be just another dim star.

• Galileo was the first to observe sunspots.

Astronomy continued…

• Galileo worked on the motion of bodies in the sky

• Galileo proved that time of descent was independent of the mass of the object

• Galileo was one of the first people to understand how sound frequency worked.

• In 1632, Galileo presented a theory which explained the tides, based on the motion of the Earth.

• In 1638 Galileo described an experimental method to measure the speed of light

Physics

• The Catholic Church told Galileo to give up the idea of a heliocentric universe, because it threatened their view of the universe

• Galileo was sentenced to prison for promoting the heliocentric system.

• 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret about how the Galileo affair was handled.

Trouble with the Church

Galileo played a major role in the scientific revolution and earned the title

"The Father of Modern Science."

Credits M.Zauraiz JavaidRajab HussainWissam Kashif

Zain Ali