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This is a brief summary of major concepts in general chemistry. Nothing earth-shattering, but the in-class version contains a number of embedded videos, which made that version too big to upload.
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KNOW YOUR TABLE!
PERIODICITY: Patterns
PERIODSPERIODS
GRO
UGRO
UPSPS
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Chemical Reactions• Rearrange matter
• Release or absorb energy
• Depend on reactivityImage: http://www.iun.edu
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Rearranging Matter• Bonding = movement +
use of electrons
• Law of Conservation of Matter • neither created nor
destroyed
• products = reactants
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Kinds of chemical reactions
Combustion: burning! CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
Synthesis
Decomposition
1x Replacement
2x Replacement
SYNTHESIS: building• Create complex compounds from simpler ones
• A + B → AB
• 8Fe + S8 → 8FeS
• 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
DECOMPOSITION: breaking down• Complex compounds --> simpler ones
• CD → C + D
• 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
• BaCl2 → Ba + Cl2
REPLACEMENT: trading• Single: E + FG --> EG + F
• Mg + 2 H2O ---> Mg(OH)2 + H2
• Double: HI + JK --> HK + JI
• Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ---> PbI2 + 2 KNO3
COMBUSTION: burning!• Needs oxygen
• Gives off CO2, H2O, and heat
• CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
• C10H8 + 12O2 ---> 10CO2 + 4H2O
ACID-BASE: moving ions• Acid + Base --> salt + water
• HA + BOH ---> BA + H2O
• HBr + NaOH ---> NaBr + H2O
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REACTIVITY: ready to react• Depends on electronegativity + metallic character
• Determined by electron configuration (arrangement)
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