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FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Prasant Kumar PattnaikAssociate Professor
School of Computer EngineeringKIIT University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Manas Ranjan KabatReader and Head
Department of Computer Science & EngineeringVSS University of Technology, Burla
Sambalpur, Odisha
Souvik PalAssistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and EngineeringNalanda Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be repro-duced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher.
Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt Ltd and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Disputes if any are subject to Delhi Jurisdiction only.
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ISBN: 978 9325 976108
First Edition 2014
Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Copyright © Authors
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To Dr. Rajib Mall : The Great Teacher— Prasant
To Sree Sree Thakur Anukul Chandra: The Supreme of Love— Manas
To Maa, Baba: Constant Sources of Inspiration— Souvik
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing VII
Preface
This introductory text in the area of cloud computing is primarily based on the work done by the author Souvik Pal during his M. Tech. Thesis. Cloud Computing is one of the emerging topics in Information Technology. Cloud Computing is also included in the syllabus of many universities. We, therefore, decided to work on a book on this subject for the benefit of the students and teachers. Some topics in this book are unique and based on published information which is current and timely. Some topics in this book are intended for readers who have no prior knowledge of this subject. So we believe that the book will be helpful to anyone who wants to learn cloud computing.
The book is organized into eight chapters, appendix and glossary. Chapter 1 provides basics of cloud computing, like the working principles of Cluster, Grid and Mobile Computing. Chapter 2 focuses on what Cloud Computing is and the services it provides and also the different deployment models of Cloud Computing. Chapter 3 describes the framework for Cloud Computing. Chapter 4 provides an overview of Virtualization techniques, Virtualization Model and how Virtualization is related to cloud computing. Chapter 5 presents different aspects virtualization procedure and the inter relation-ship among them. This chapter discusses the issues in scheduling, load distribution, energy efficiency, distribution pattern and also transactional approaches. Chapter 6 deals with the Live Migration Process in Cloud Computing. Chapter 7 is based on Cloud database issues like Relational-Non Relational, SQL-based-No-SQL data base. Lastly, Chapter 8 introduces ways to maintain privacy of the sensitive data and resources using an auditing concept within the third party provider to ensure data privacy and data integrity checks.
There have been several influences from our family who have sacrificed lot of their time and attention to ensure that we are kept motivated to complete this crucial project.
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik is grateful to his father Late Ramanarayan Patnaik, Mother Smt. Jayalakshimi Patnaik, Father-in-law Er. Chittaranjan Mohanty, and Mother-in-law Late Renubala Mohanty for their blessings. He is also thankful to his wife Bismita and Daughter Prasannakshi for their love and support.
Manas Ranjan Kabat is grateful to his Parents for their blessings, wife Arundhati for her unconditional love, patience and encouragement for this work. He is also thankful to his daughter Anamika and son Manish for their support.
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VIII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Souvik Pal is grateful to his father Prof. Bharat Kumar Pal and Mother Smt. Tandra Pal for their blessings and constant support. He is also grateful to his Grand Mother Late Sakhi Rani Pal, Grand Father Late Ajit Kumar Pal for their affection and motivation. He is thankful to his friend Smita Mukherjee for her encouragement and continuous support.
The authors are thankful to all the members of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd especil-lay Mr. S. Verma, Mr. Nilabhra Poddar and Mr. Subhendu Sinha Roy for the given oppor-tunities to write this book.
Above all God is Almighty.
Prasant Kumar [email protected]
Manas Ranjan [email protected]
Souvik [email protected]
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Content
Chapter 1Basics of Cloud Computing
1. Introduction 11.1. Evolution of Cloud Computing 11.2. Cluster Computing Environment 4 1.2.1. The Architecture of Cluster Computing Environment 51.3. Grid Computing Environment 6 1.3.1. Grid Related Technologies 6 1.3.2. Levels of Deployment 9 1.3.3. Architecture of Grid Computing Environment 101.4. Mobile Computing 14 1.4.1. Characteristics of Mobile Computing 14 1.4.2. Characteristics of Mobile Networks 151.5. Summary 15Exercise 16Further Readings 16
Chapter 2Introduction to Cloud Computing
2.1. Introduction 172.2. Popular Views 172.3. Characteristics of Cloud Computing 18 2.3.1. Elasticity and Scalability 18 2.3.2. Measured Metering and Billing of Service 18 2.3.3. Self-Service Provisioning of Resources 19 2.3.4. Application Programming Interface (APIs) 19 2.3.5. Performance Measurement Service 19 2.3.6. Device and Location Independency 19 2.2.7. Customization 19 2.3.8. Security 202.4. Need for Cloud Computing 20
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X Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
2.5. Types of Cloud 20 2.5.1. Public Cloud 21 2.5.2. Private Cloud 21 2.5.3. Hybrid Cloud 22 2.5.4. Community Cloud 232.6. Cloud Services 23 2.6.1. Resource as a Service (RaaS) 23 2.6.2. Infrastructure as a Service 24 2.6.3. Platform as a Service 24 2.6.4. Software as a Service 252.6. Security Paradigms and Issues of Cloud Computing 252.7. Some Popular Cloud Service Providers 26 2.7.1. IaaS Service Providers 26 2.7.2. PaaS Service Providers 28 2.7.3. SaaS Service Providers 282.8. Summary 28Exercise 29Further Readings 29
Chapter 3Cloud Framework
3.1. Introduction 313.2. Framework for Cloud Computing Environment 31 3.2.1. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) 33 3.2.3. Life Cycle of Services in SOA 34 3.2.4. Integrating SOA and the Cloud 36 3.2.5. Cloud Framework 37 3.2.1. Framework Constraints 403.4. Workflow and Co-ordination of Multiple Activities 41 3.4.1. Need of Workflow 42 3.4.2. Examples of Workflow Tools 433.5. Summary 43Exercise 44Further Readings 44
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XI
Chapter 4Virtualization
4.1. Introduction 47 4.1.1. Needs of Virtualization in Cloud Computing Environment 47 4.1.2. Virtualization versus Traditional Approach 484.2. Virtualization and Virtual Machine 48 4.2.1. Advantages of Virtualization Technique in Cloud Computing Environment 50 4.2.2. Category of Virtual Machine 514.3. Virtualization Model for Cloud Computing 534.4. Categorization of Guest OS Virtualization Techniques 574.5. Mapping Technique of Virtual Machine to Physical Machine in a Private Cloud 604.5. Draw Backs of Virtualization 624.7. Summary 63Exercise 63Further Readings 64
Chapter 5Classification of Virtualization Environment
5.1. Introduction 655.2. Classification 65 5.2.1. Scheduling-based Environment 65 5.2.2. Load-Distribution-Based Environment 67 5.2.3. Energy Aware-Based Environment 68 5.2.4. Operational-Based Environment 68 5.2.5. Distributed Pattern-Based Environment 71 5.2.6. Transactional-Based Environment 725.3. Summary 74Exercise 75Further Readings 75
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XII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Chapter 6Live Migration of Virtual Machines
6.1. Introduction 776.2. Need of Live Migration of Virtual Machine 776.3. Advantages of Live Migration 786.4. An Designing Process of Live Migration 78 6.4.1. Live Migration Process 806.5. Security Issues 82 6.5.1. Possible Attacks 826.6. Summary 83Exercise 83Further Readings 84
Chapter 7Cloud Database
7.1. Introduction 857.2. Non-Relational Data Models 85 7.2.1. Transactions in Cloud Databases 86 7.2.2. Advantages of Cloud Database 867.3. Heterogeneous Databases in DaaS 877.4. MongoDB 89 7.4.1. Data Model 89 7.4.2. Replication 90 7.4.3. Sharding 91 7.4.4. Architecture 91 7.4.5. Consistency 92 7.4.6. Failure Handling 927.5. CAP Theorem 927.6. Issues in Live Migration of Databases in Cloud Computing Environment 93 7.6.1. Cloud Database Classification based on Transaction Processing 947.7. Commercial Available Cloud Database Platform 977.8. Summary 98Exercise 99Further Readings 100
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XIII
Chapter 8Auditing
8.1. Introduction 1038.2. Data Security in Cloud Computing Environment 103 8.2.1 Characteristics of a Secure Cloud Computing Environment 103 8.2.2. Need for Auditing in Cloud Computing Environment 104 8.2.3. Auditing Background within Third Party Service Provider 1048.3. Cloud Auditing Outsourcing Lifecycle Phases 1048.4. Auditing Classification 1058.5. Auditing Service 1068.6. Summary 108Exercise 109Further Readings 109
Appendix ICloudSim: A Simulator for Cloud Computing Environment 111–124
Appendix IISome of the Applications of Wireless Sensor Network in Cloud1 125–132
Glossary 133–156
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