FUNCTIONS ON DIPLOMATIC MISSION

GFPP 2033 DIPLOMACY

FUNCTIONS ON DIPLOMATIC MISSION

The Diplomatic Globe

French diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord is

considered one of the most skilled diplomats of all time.

FUNCTIONS ON DIPLOMATIC MISSION

– Representation– Reporting– Promoting Friendly relations– Negotiation– Lobbying– Information gathering– Policy advice– Consular service– Commercial diplomacy– Propaganda

• Spying/espionage

The United Nations, with its headquarters in New York City, is the largest international diplomatic organization.

The Job and Duties of a Diplomat

• Diplomats do a very important job for their countries. Almost every country in existence has at least a few diplomats who are sent out to various other countries for the purposes of negotiating and mediating relations between the two governments.

A French ambassador in Ottoman dress, painted by Antoine de Favray, 1766, Pera Museum, Istanbul.


• A diplomat lives in the country that he is trying to communicate with. He will usually live in the embassy of his country. For example, if the USA wants to send a diplomat to China, the diplomat will most likely reside in the American embassy.

Former US President Jimmy Carter hailed the relationship between the USA and China


• They are placed in strategic locations that are close to many local government buildings, allowing all of the American diplomats to quickly establish contact and begin their jobs of speaking with the foreign rulers. They are also granted something called diplomatic immunity to protect them while in a foreign country, and to allow them to do their job well.

The Berlin Wall


• Usually a diplomat’s main goal is to simply maintain good relations with the country in question. By speaking with the leaders and establishing a friendly relationship, a diplomat not only establishes himself as a trustworthy person, but also builds trust in his own country. This could even be for the ultimate goal of establishing a treaty or becoming allies

Malaysia-China Diplomatic Relation


• Usually much of the communications will cover issues such as foreign aid, and what exactly watch country expects of the other. If done correctly, diplomacy is a great way for countries to get every single issue out on the table and establish a great relationship.

Bhutan Diplomatic Relation

The Job of an Ambassador

• An ambassador is a person from a particular country who is meant to represent his country. This representation can occur either in international meetings, or in one-on-one government settings. The ambassador usually has a great deal of knowledge about foreign policy, and is hand-picked by his or her nation in order to provide a good representation and maintain solid relations with the other country.

60th Anniversary of Thailand-Philippines Diplomatic Relations

The Job of an Ambassador

• An ambassador is much like a diplomat , only he is in a much more distinguished position. There are frequently meetings between representatives from many different countries. An ambassador is the single person that the

country has chosen to represent them in these meetings. They are chosen very carefully since they

have to have a full grasp on what the best interests of the country are, and what their goals should be when engaging in discussion with ambassadors from other

countries.

Rama and Lakshmana Receive Envoys

Diplomatic Protocol

• In international politics, protocol is the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state.

• A protocol is a rule which guides how an activity should be performed, especially in the field of diplomacy. In diplomatic services and governmental fields of endeavor, protocols are often unwritten guidelines. Protocols specify the proper and generally-accepted behaviour in matters of state and diplomacy, such as showing appropriate respect to a head of state, ranking diplomats in chronological order of their accreditation at court, and so on.

“Pan-Am-Diplomatic-Relations” ehem

Diplomatic Protocol

• It was in Italy that many of the traditions of modern diplomacy began, such as the presentation of an ambassador's credentials to the head of state.

United States and Soviet Union Establish Diplomatic Relations

Diplomatic Protocol

• Many of the conventions of modern diplomacy developed during this period i.e in the 15th and 16th century. The top rank of representatives was an ambassador. An ambassador at this time was almost always a nobleman - the rank of the noble varied with the prestige of the country he was posted to.

15th Anniversary of U.S.-Vietnam Diplomatic Relations 2010

Diplomatic Protocol

• Defining standards emerged for ambassadors requiring that they have large residences, host lavish parties, and play an important role in the court life of the host nation. Embassy staff consisted of a wide range of employees, including some dedicated to espionage.

Diplomats as a guarantee

• In the Ottoman Empire, the diplomats of Persia and other states were seen as a guarantee of good behavior. If a nation broke a treaty or if their nationals misbehaved the diplomats would be punished. Diplomats were thus used as an enforcement mechanism on treaties and international law. To ensure that punishing a diplomat mattered rulers insisted on high-ranking figures. Diplomats as a guarantee were also employed sometimes in pre-modern Europe and other parts of Asia.

80 Anniversary diplomatic relations Between Japan and Cuba

Diplomacy and espionage

• Diplomacy is closely linked to espionage or gathering of intelligence. Embassies are bases for both diplomats and spies, and some diplomats are essentially openly acknowledged spies. For instance, the job of military attachés includes learning as much as possible about the military of the nation to which they are assigned. They do not try to hide this role and, as such, are only invited to events allowed by their hosts, such as military parades or air shows.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_attach%C3%A9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_show

Break up


• There are also deep-cover spies operating in many embassies. These individuals are given fake positions at the embassy, but their main task is to illegally gather intelligence, usually by coordinating spy rings of locals or other spies. For the most part, spies operating out of embassies gather little intelligence themselves and their identities tend to be known by the opposition.

2010 — 50th Anniversary of Korea-Malaysia Diplomatic Relations


• If discovered, these diplomats can be expelled from an embassy, but for the most part counter-intelligence agencies prefer to keep these agents in situ and under close monitoring. The information gathered by spies plays an increasingly important role in diplomacy. Arms-control treaties would be impossible without the power of reconnaissance satellites and agents to monitor compliance. Information gleaned from espionage is useful in almost all forms of diplomacy, everything from trade agreements to border disputes.

Skilled Diplomat

• The need for skilled individuals to staff embassies was met by the graduates of universities, and this led to an increase in the study of international law, modern languages and history at universities throughout Europe.

Establishment of diplomatic relations with DPRK

Congress of Vienna of 1815

• The elements of modern diplomacy slowly spread to Eastern Europe and arrived in Russia by the early eighteenth century. The entire system was greatly disrupted by the French Revolution and the subsequent years of warfare. After the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna of 1815 established an international system of diplomatic rank.

diplomatic relations

Functions of a Diplomatic Mission • FUNCTIONS OF A DIPLOMATIC MISSION • Represent the home country in the host country • Protect the interests of the home country and its citizens in the host

country • Negotiate with the government of the host country • Monitor and report on conditions and developments in the

commercial, economic, cultural, and scientific life of the host country • Promote friendly relations between the host country and the home

country • Develop commercial, economic, cultural, and scientific relations

between the host country and the home country • Issue passports, travel documents, and visas

Cuba and El Salvador Resume Diplomatic Relations

Diplomatic resolution of problems

• Arbitration and mediations• Nations sometimes resort to international arbitration

when faced with a specific question or point of contention in need of resolution. For most of history, there were no official or formal procedures for such proceedings. They were generally accepted to abide by general principles and protocols related to international law and justice.

• Sometimes these took the form of formal arbitrations and mediations. In such cases a commission of diplomats might be convened to hear all sides of an issue, and to come some sort of ruling based on international law.

Diplomatic Theory of International Relations


• In the modern era, much of this work is often carried out by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at The Hague, or other formal commissions, agencies and tribunals, working under the United Nations.

Bosnia-Samoa


• Conferences• Other times, resolutions were sought through

the convening of international conferences. In such cases, there are fewer ground rules, and fewer formal applications of international law. However, participants are expected to guide themselves through principles of international fairness, logic, and protocol.

Diplomatic Immunity

Conferences

• Some examples of these formal conferences are:• Congress of Vienna (1815) – After Napoleon was defeated,

there were many diplomatic questions waiting to be resolved. This included the shape of the map of Europe, the disposition of political and nationalist claims of various ethnic groups and nationalities wishing to have some political autonomy, and the resolution of various claims by various European powers.

• The Congress of Berlin (June 13 – July 13, 1878) was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans.

U.S. re-established diplomatic relations with Libya in 2006

Diplomat as Negotiator

• Negotiations• Sometimes nations convene official negotiation

processes to settle an issue or dispute between several nations which are parties to a dispute. These are similar to the conferences mentioned above, as there are technically no established rules or procedures. However, there are general principles and precedents which help define a course for such proceedings.

Douglas G. Spelman served as U.S. Consul General in China

Diplomat as Negotiator

• Some examples are• Camp David accord Convened in 1978 by President Jimmy

Carter of the United States, at Camp David to reach an agreement between Prime Minister Menachaem Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt. After weeks of negotiation, agreement was reached and the accords were signed, later leading directly to the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979.

• Treaty of Portsmouth Enacted after President Theodore Roosevelt brought together the delegates from Russia and Japan, to settle the Russo-Japanese War. Roosevelt's personal intervention settled the conflict, and caused him to win the Nobel peace prize.

I’m Done

Education

FUNCTIONS ON DIPLOMATIC MISSION