FUEL CELLS

• amangeldiuly nurlybeknurlybek.amangeldiev@gmail.com

PLAN

• HOW DOES IT WORKS?• TYPES• USES• ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

STRUCTURE

TYPES

1.1. Solid-oxide fuel cells — SOFCSolid-oxide fuel cells — SOFC2.2. Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell — PEMFCProton-exchange membrane fuel cell — PEMFC3.3. Reversible Fuel CellReversible Fuel Cell4.4. Direct-methanol fuel cell — DMFCDirect-methanol fuel cell — DMFC5.5. Molten-carbonate fuel cells — MCFCMolten-carbonate fuel cells — MCFC6.6. Phosphoric-acid fuel cells — PAFCPhosphoric-acid fuel cells — PAFC7.7. Alkaline fuel cells — AFCAlkaline fuel cells — AFCetc…etc…

USES

1.1. Land vehiclesLand vehicles2.2. AirplanesAirplanes3.3. BoatsBoats4.4. SubmarinesSubmarines5.5. Fueling stationsFueling stations6.6. Providing power for base stations or cell sitesProviding power for base stations or cell sites7.7. Off-grid power supplyOff-grid power supply8.8. Distributed generationDistributed generation9.9. Fork LiftsFork Lifts10.10. Emergency power systems are a type of fuel cell system, which Emergency power systems are a type of fuel cell system, which

may include lighting, generators and other apparatus, to provide may include lighting, generators and other apparatus, to provide backup resources in a crisis or when regular systems fail. They backup resources in a crisis or when regular systems fail. They find uses in a wide variety of settings from residential homes to find uses in a wide variety of settings from residential homes to hospitals, scientific laboratories, data centers, hospitals, scientific laboratories, data centers, telecommunication equipment and modern naval ships.telecommunication equipment and modern naval ships.

USES

11.11. An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) provides emergency An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) provides emergency power and, depending on the topology, provide line power and, depending on the topology, provide line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate source when utility power is not power from a separate source when utility power is not available. Unlike a standby generator, it can provide instant available. Unlike a standby generator, it can provide instant protection from a momentary power interruption.protection from a momentary power interruption.

12.12. Base load power plantsBase load power plants13.13. Electric and hybrid vehicles.Electric and hybrid vehicles.14.14. Notebook computers for applications where AC charging may Notebook computers for applications where AC charging may

not be available for weeks at a time.not be available for weeks at a time.15.15. Portable charging docks for small electronics (e.g. a belt clip Portable charging docks for small electronics (e.g. a belt clip

that charges your cell phone or PDA).that charges your cell phone or PDA).16.16. Smartphones with high power consumption due to large Smartphones with high power consumption due to large

displays and additional features like GPS might be equipped displays and additional features like GPS might be equipped with micro fuel cells.with micro fuel cells.

17.17. Small heating appliancesSmall heating appliances18.18. Space ShuttlesSpace Shuttles

ADVANTAGES

Chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer

Combustion chamber

Fuel cell

Heat

Turbine or engine

Mechanical energy

Electric generator

Electric current

• Environmental Reasons– Driving force– Lowered emissions– Less noisy

• Higher quality– Can be programmed for 99.999% uptime

• More reliable– On site– No movable parts

DISADVANTAGES• Hydrogen:

– Not readily available, must use other energy sources to convert

– Infrastructure not in place– Difficult to store/distribute

• High Capital Cost• Non-technical barriers

– Could have dramatic impact