From Turtles to Tweets

FROM TURTLES

TO TWEETS

Building and Sustaining Communities of

Educational Leadership Values and Ethics for Educational Advancement and Sustainability

Jill Hartmann

Dr. Sara Stetson

Dr. Ann Gaffney

Building and Sustaining Communities of Educational

Leadership

Research Is conflicting

Survey

Altruism Conflict Resolution

Cohort Effectiveness

Small University

109 surveys

44% response

80% female

“They have taught me that it is possible to find a group of people who don’t have to trample on others to be successful.”

CohortEffectiveness

Cohort Effectiveness Scale

2008

2010

2011

2012

38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54

Cohort Effectiveness by Length of Afiliation

Altruistic?

Altruistic?

Altruism

“People have gone WAY out of their way to help me with things I needed. People helped me with materials and HOURS of work without expecting anything in return. It is just completely overwhelming!”

Altruism

Competitive?

Competition“I do not want to be behind while others continue to make progress. I want to be viewed as a capable/competent member of the team. The cohort makes me work hard to continue the process toward the dissertation.”

“I may not have finished without the help and encouragement (and the competitiveness)”

“We hold one another accountable for our actions, which compels a greater depth to research and conceptualization.”

Competition

Collaborative?

“My cohort started helping each other practice for defenses. Everyone was so eager to help and it made me feel great to think I might be part of helping, too.”

Collaboration

Biological Altruism

One of Darwin's biggest challenges was explaining the coexistence of altruism and evolution.

Behavior of Groups

Evolutionary Biology

Game Theory

Signaling Behavior

Theory of Mind

Mirror Neurons

Monkey See

Monkey Do

Psychological Altruism

Empathy

Intention

Reinforce

“A tribe including many members who, from possessing in high degree the spirit of patriotism, fidelity, obedience, courage, and sympathy, were always ready to aid one another, and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over most other tribes, and this would be natural selection.” -Darwin

Group Selection

Group vs. Individual

Public Goods vs. Common Goods

Costly to provide but all group members benefit

Tragedy of the Commons

Helping others increases the likelihood that they will help us in the future

More competitive helping in larger groups, and then altruism stabilizes (Barclay, 2011)

Competing over who gets to pair with whom

Abilities + Willingness + Availability

Social capital triggers partner choice

Thinking about you thinking about me

(Nettle, Nott, & Bateson, 2012)

(Alden-Smith & Bliege Bird, 2000; Bliege Bird & Smith, 2005)

Turtle Hunting

Reputation and Signaling

Digital World SignalingBehavior

From Turtles to Tweets

Our StoriesOur Stories

Accidental Norms

Someone has to be the eye

Questions:• How are mechanisms underlying reputation modeled in large

communities? (Social media?)• Can an understanding of the dynamics of cooperation in groups help

us to replicate conditions that give rise to effective cohorts?• To what extent does reputation management depend on Theory of

Mind/mentalizing? (Tennie et al., 2010) • Can TOM/mentalizing develop to the same capacity in a digital world?• What is the salience of reputation? Have signals become more

important than the qualities they represent? (Tennie et al., 2010)

Thank YouDr. Sara StetsonJill Hartmann