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Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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UNIT. 1THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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Second and third century: Crisis of the Roman Empire
Because:
1) It was difficult to defend the borders ofthe empire from the barbarians
2) It was difficult to trade due to lack ofsecurity
3) Ruralisation : People left the cities andwent to the country , in search of securityand provisions .
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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5To facilitate the defense of the empire, theemperor Theodosious in the year 395 dividedthe Roman Empire into two:
WESTERNROMAN EMPIRE
EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
Capital: Capital:
Rome Costantinople
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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But the Western Empire was soon invaded by theGermanic (barbarians coming from the North)
Some names of barbarian populations: Sueves, Vandals, Visigoths, Huns…… .
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Soon, the barbarians occupied most of theWestern Empire.
The Western Empire became divided intoseveral kingdoms: the Ostrogoth Kingdom, the Visigoth Kingdom, the Vandal Kingdom…
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire
It became impossible for the Romans tocontrol the situation.
The last Roman Emperor , RomulusAugustus, abdicated under pressure of thebarbarian king Odoacer.
The Western Roman Empire finally fell in the year….
The answer is….
The Western Roman Empire fell in the year 476
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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The Eastern Roman (or Byzantine)
EmpireWhile the Western Empire fell, the Eastern
Roman Empire withstood (=resistir) thebarbarian invasion.
The Eastern Roman Empire changed itsname into Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine Empire lasted until the …. centuryThe answer is….
The Byzantine Empire lasted until the fifteenth century
(precisely, until the year 1453145314531453))))
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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The Byzantine Empire
The period of greatersplendour for the ByzantineEmpire was under the reign of theEmperorJustinian
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500
• 476. Endof theWestenRomanEmpire • 527
Justinian
• 1453
Fall ofConstantinople
• 1054
Schism
Splendour Decline
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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The Empire achieved itsgreatest extension
The Empire dominated trade inthe Mediterranean Sea
The Justinian Code modernised the Roman law
Costantinople was embellished with the construction of St. Sophia’s Church
• During Justinian ’s reign (527-565)
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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The Italian city of Ravenna is situatedin the North of Italy .
Ravenna was a very important city during the reign of Justinian
During the reign of Justinian, Ravenna lived a period of great splendour .
• The city of Ravenna
Ravenna had a very strategic position: it was surrounded by swamps(=marismas) and by the sea
Many palaces and churches were built in Ravenna. They wereoften decorated with mosaics
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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Many of these palaces and churches still exist.I know them rather well because Ravenna is my hometown !
But greatly decorated with mosaics inside!
• The city of Ravenna
They are all very sober outside…
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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I like them very much. Some of them are spectacular and very colorful :• The mosaics of Ravenna
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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This is the beautiful St. Vitale’s Church in Ravenna :
Outside:
And inside:
Francesco Scudellari - Comenius Assistant 2010/11
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I hope you will visit my city someday!
THE END