1. Waitiaidauujamu/waitiainiauranu/abriendopuertas/opening doors
Basic Level English Course
December 11th, 2010
Telling Stories (Part I) Intro to Clauses

2. Lesson Objectives/Objetivos de la Leccin
To tell oral and written stories using clauses, the past forms, sequence adverbs, and other tenses learned
Contarhistoriasorales y escritasusandoclusulas, lasformas del pasado, adverbios de secuencia y otrostiemposaprendidos

3. Please, Listen and
Practice:
Partial List of Irregular Verbs/ListaParcial de VerbosIrregulares (Base Forms/Present & Past Tense Forms
REMINDER = RECORDATORIO

4. Time Expressions in the Past Tense
yesterday = ayer
last night = anoche
last week = la semana pasada
last Saturday = el Sbado pasado
last year = el ao pasado
two days ago = hace dos dias
two weeks ago = hace dos semanas
two hours ago = hace dos horas
two years ago = hace dos aos

5. Tag Questions
Used to verify information we think is true
Used to check information we arent sure is true
If the sentence is affirmative, the tag is negative:
You love me,dont you?
If the sentence is negative, the tag is affirmative:
She graduated from college,didnt she?
Use a comma (,) to separate the sentence from the tag
Irregular tag question example: I am,arent I?
I am your best friend,arent I?

6. Tag Questions: Exercises
Write the appropriate tag question sforeah sentence below:/Escriba el tag question correctoparacadaoracin a continuacin:
He is, ________?
He does, ________?
Roger will, ________?
He cant, ________?
Jessica did, ________?
They were, ________?
He was, ________?
They werent, ________?
I am, ________?
I am not, ________?

7. Tag Questions: Answer Key
Write the appropriate tag question sforeah sentence below:/Escriba el tag question correctoparacadaoracin a continuacin:
He is, isnt he?
He does, doesnt he?
Roger will, wont he?
He cant, can he?
Jessica did, didnt she?
They were, werent they?
He was, wasnt he?
They werent, were they?
I am, arent I?
I am not, am I?

8. Clauses: Grammar Basics
Sentences
(*) Have a subject and a predicate
(*) Ideas that dont usually have other subordinate ideas
Simple Sentence:
She came to his office.
Compound Sentence:
She came to his office,and they worked together.
Clauses
(*) Have a subject and a predicate
(*) Ideas that usually have a subordinate idea
Subordinate Clauses:
Sentences that cannot stand alone
Independent Clauses (Main Clauses):
Simple sentences that can stand alone
Example:
When She came to his office, he left.
Coordinating Conjunction:
Its a connector between two words or sentences.
Examples: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Subordinating Conjunction:
Joins a subordinate clause to a main clause. Examples: after, as soon as, before, if, when, while.
Use of Commas (,):
Commas are used before the coordinating conjunctions.
Commas are used after the subordinating conjunction when the subordinating conjunctionstarts the sentence.
Example: When she came to his office, he left.
Commas are not used when the subordinating conjunctiondoesnt start the sentence.
Example: He left when she came to his office.

9. Clauses: Grammar Basics (Traducin)
Oraciones
(*) Tienen un sujeto y un predicado
(*) Ideas que no tienenotras ideas subordinadas
Oracin Simple:
She came to his office.
OracinCompuesta:
She came to his office,and they worked together.
Clusulas
(*) Tienen un sujeto y un predicado
(*) Ideas quetienenuna idea subordinada
ClusulasSubordinadas:
Oracionesque no puedenestarsolas
ClusulasIndependientes (ClusulasPrincipales):
Oracionesquepuedenestarsolas
Ejemplo:
When She came to his office, he left.
Conjuncin Coordinadora:
Es un conector entre dos palabras u oraciones.
Ejemplos: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
ConjuncinSubordinadora:
Uneunaclusulasubordinada a unaclusula principal. Ejemplos: after, as soon as, before, if, when, while.
Uso de Comas (,):
Comas se usanantes de la conjuncin coordinadora.
Comas se usandespus de la conjuncin coordinadoracuando la conjuncin coordinadoraempieza la oracin.
Ejemplo: When she came to his office, he left.
Comasno se usancuando la conjuncin coordinadora no empieza la oracin.
Example: He left when she came to his office.

10. Past Continuous
Subject + was/were + base form + ing
The past continuous is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
The action began before the specific time and may or may not continue after the specific time.
Examples:
My wife and I were eating at 6:00
They were watching TV at 7:00 last night .
Eating at 6:00
My wife and I were eating at 6:00
Past
Present

11. Use the past progressive with the simple past tense to talk about an action that was interruptedby another action.
Use when to introduce the simple past tense action, OR use while to introduce the past progressive action.
Examples:
I was taking a shower when the phone rang
When she called, I was studying for my exam.
While they were talking, someone interrupted them.
Past Continuous (Past Progressive) with the Past Tense
The phone rang
Taking a shower
I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
Past
Present

12. Use the past progressive with while (or When) to talk about two actions in progressat the same time in the past.
Examples:
While I was watching TV, my wife was talking on the phone.
My wife was talking on the phone while I was watching TV.
When they were talking, someone looking out the window.
Past Continuous (Past Progressive) with While (or When)
Wife talking on the
phone
Watching TV
While I was watching TV, my wife was talking
on the phone.
Past
Present

13. BE CAREFUL: Sentences with both (two) clauses in the simple past tensehave a very different meaning from sentences with one clause in the simple past tense and one clause in the past progressive.
Examples:
When the bell rang, I ate dinner.
(First the bell rang; then I ate dinner)
When the bell rang, I was eating dinner.
(First I was eating dinner; then the bell rang).
Past Continuous (Past Progressive) and the Past Tense
When the bell rang, I ate dinner
When the bell rang, I was eating dinner
The bell rang
Eating dinner
I ate dinner
The bell
rang
Past
Present
Past
Present

14. Use the past progressive to focus on the DURATION of an action, not its completion.
Example:
Edilberto was reading a book last night.
(We dont know if he finished the book)
Use the simple past tense to focus on COMPLETION of an action.
Example:
Edilberto read a book last night.
(He probably finished it).
Difference between the Past Continuous (Past Progressive) and the Simple Past Tense
Edilberto was reading a book last night
Edilberto read a book last night
Was reading a book
?
Read a book
.
?
Past
Present
Past
Present

15. Subject + used to + BASE FORM
Use USED TO + BASE FORM to talk about past facts that are no longer true.
Use USED TO + BASE FORMparahablar de hechospasadosqueya no se encuentranvigentes.
Examples/Ejemplos:
When I was a child, I used to fear ghosts.
I used to love Mickey Mouse as a child.
I used to be the best student in my English class.

16. Narrating events in the past with sequence adverbs
First, I woke up really early. Then, I looked next to me, and my wife was not there. Next, I got up to see if my wife was in the other room. She wasnt there, so I called her cell phone. She never picked up the phone. After that, I was really worried. Later, she came back home an didnt answer my questions. Finally, I decided to leave the house the next day.

17. Accomplishing the Lesson Objectives Telling oral and written stories using clauses, the past forms, sequence adverbs, and other tenses learned /Contandohistoriasorales y escritasusandoclusulas, lasformas del pasado, adverbios de secuencia y otrostiemposaprendidos

• Talk to a friend and tell him/her a story
• 18. Hblale a un amigo(a) y cuntaleunahistoria

Fred: Hey, let me tell you a story
Inspector Gadget: Is it an interesting story?
Fred: Yeah, really interesting.
Inspector Gadget: Go ahead.
Fred: When I was at home last night, someone came
in through the window. First, I was taking a shower.
After that, I took a nap. When I was taking that nap,
I heard my living room window. When I got up, the
thief ran out of the door. As soon as he left, I called
The cops.
Inspector Gadget: That was an interesting story man.
I am glad nothing happened to you.
Fred: Thanks, and I told you it was interesting.
Vocabulary:
Go ahead = continua
Through the window = por la ventana
Took a nap = hizouna siesta
Window = ventana
Ran out of the door = corripor la puerta
As soon as = En cuanto
I am glad = estoycontento
Cops = Policias (coloquial)

19. YOUR TURN!!/TU TURNO!!/Talk to a friend in English, tell him/her a story/Hblale a un amigo(a) en Ingls, cuntaleunahistoria

• Tell your friend a story:/
• 20. Cuntaleunahistoria a un amigo:

You: Do you know about the chullachaqui?
Your friend: (I) never heard of it.
You: Okay. When I was a child, my father told me
this story. First, he heard it, and later he says he
experienced it