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“The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched – they must be felt with the heart” (Keller, H 2013) WONDERS OF THE WORLD WONDERS OF THE WORLD (Gateway To Gold 2010)

Four Wonders of the World

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Explore four Wonders of the World and how history, tourism and environmental factors have influenced their existence.....

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Page 1: Four Wonders of the World

“The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched – they must be felt with the heart”

(Keller, H 2013)

WONDERS OF THE WONDERS OF THE WORLDWORLD

(Gateway To Gold 2010)

Page 2: Four Wonders of the World

Let us take you on a journey…..

and explore four amazing wonders of our world, and how history, tourism and environmental factors have influenced their existence…..

(Saint Mary’s University 2010)

Page 3: Four Wonders of the World

THE COLOSSEUM OF ROME

The Colosseum of Rome was built around 70AD, to entertain the people of Rome (the mob) with spectacular blood sports.

This circular, free standing structure is built from concrete and stone spans 189 x 156 metres.

A tarpaulin or ‘Velarium’ covered four tiers of seating that held more than 50,000 spectators (ItalyGuides.It 2013)

(Echomon 2012)

Page 4: Four Wonders of the World

The Colosseum of Rome

The Colosseum was last used for gladiatorial fights in 435AD and animal hunts in 523AD.

During the early medieval era the structure operated as a workshop, quarry, housing, prison, quarters for priests and a Christian shrine. (Syed 2009, p.152)

More recently it has turned into an international symbol for the campaign against capital punishment. (Syed 2009,

p.159).History

(Rome Museum 2013)

Page 5: Four Wonders of the World

The Colosseum of Rome

Currently the Colosseum is slanting about 40cm lower on the South side than on the North.

History records damage to the monument in 1934 when one of three devastating earthquakes, caused a fracture within the slab.

Geo engineers are conducting a study to determine how to prevent further leaning. (Rome Info 2009) Environmental Factors

(Martin 2006)

Page 6: Four Wonders of the World

The Colosseum of Rome

In 2006 Rome was ranked 8th in Euromonitors International’s Top 150 City Destinations with 6, 033,000 tourists. (Euromonitor International, 2007)

Tours run daily exploring the interior of the Colosseum starting at 9am for around €8. (Italy Heaven 2013)

Free tours are also available around the exterior of the Colosseum. (Italy Heaven 2013) Tourism

(Roman Empire Tours 2013)

Page 7: Four Wonders of the World

AURORA BOREALISAurora Borealis is also known as the Northern Lights. (Northern Lights Centre 2012)

The Northern Lights are the result of collisions between gaseous particles in the Earth's atmosphere with charged particles released from the sun's atmosphere. (Northern Lights Centre 2012)

When the lights appear, the colour is a luminous green, often with a hint of pink along the edge, and occasionally with a deep violet centre. (Innovation Norway 2013)

(Innovation Norway 2013 )

Page 8: Four Wonders of the World

Aurora Borealis

Early depictions of Aurora Borealis were unearthed in Southern France 30,000 years ago.

The oldest documentation found was written approximately 2600 BC China.

Vikings and Ancient Romans believed the Northern Lights were superstitious and played a pivotal role predicting outcomes of War.

In 1716, Sir Edmund Halley made the first scientific finding of this phenomenon (Turunen, Manninen & Turunen 2013).

History

(Visit Finland 2007)

Page 9: Four Wonders of the World

Aurora Borealis

The visibility of Aurora Borealis is determined by the:

Time of Day - The Aurora is only visible at night. The ideal times between 11pm and 2am.

Season – Winter is the best season to see the Aurora.

Sun Rotation – Every 27 days the‘active region’ of the sun faces earth (Slanina, S 2007). Environmental Factors

(Earthsky 2009)

Page 10: Four Wonders of the World

Aurora Borealis

From August to March when the North is blanketed for long hours in darkness, thousands of tourists gather from all over the world in search for Aurora Borealis.

Tourists can book a dog sled or snow mobile tour, a photography course or a cruise for optimum experience.

Best viewed light destinations are; Norway, Canada, Island, Sweden and Ivalo.

Tourism

(Desktop Nexus 2008)

Page 11: Four Wonders of the World

VICTORIA FALLSVictoria Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in the world, and lies on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. Victoria Falls spans more than one mile wide and plummets between 350 to 360 feet.

In Zambia, the falls are known by their ancient name Mosi -oa- Tunya, which translates as, “Smoke that Thunders” (Roberts 2012).

(Africa Safari 2012)

Page 12: Four Wonders of the World

Victoria FallsVictoria Falls was discovered by Dr David Livingston in 1855 where he was transported by the local people via canoe. (Peel 2011).

Livingstone was so taken with the beauty he is quoted as saying:

"It has never been seen before by European eyes, but scenes so wonderful must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight”. (Zambia Tourism 2013)

History

(Peel 2011a)

Page 13: Four Wonders of the World

Victoria Falls

Victoria Falls has spectacular features! Beneath the cascade of water, lies a tropical rainforest abundant with exotic wildlife.

The power of the waterfall continuously erodes the river bed below, creating a new fall line through layers of Basaltic rock.

Information regarding waste management and boating is provided to tourists in reducing ecological impact to the Falls. (Peel, 2011) Environmental Factors

(Peel 2011b)

Page 14: Four Wonders of the World

Victoria Falls

For sightseeing, tourists can enjoy Victoria Falls Bridge with a fabulous view of the falls on one side, and the gorge on the other. Tourists can also walk into the rainforest along marked tracks to Knife Edge Bridge.

For an aerial view, tourists can take a helicopter or light aeroplane flight over the Falls. (Victoria Falls 2013).

Tourism

(Amazing Victoria Falls 2013)

Page 15: Four Wonders of the World

THE GREAT BARRIER REEF

The Great Barrier Reef is on the East Coast of Australia and stretches over 2000kms between the Western edge of the Pacific and the Queensland coast.

In just one acre of ocean there is over 100 different types of beautiful coral. The Reef also has more than 70 types of habitats which house thousands of marine life. (National Geographic 2013)

(Australian Conservation Foundation 2013)

Page 16: Four Wonders of the World

The Great Barrier Reef

The history of the Great Barrier Reef is a long and diverse. Generations of coral built a habitat that eventually was discovered and then later settled by humans.

The GBR evolved 18,0000 years ago, and currently has the highest diversity of marine life in the world, including: 450 types of corals, 1500 types of fish and 4000 types of molluscs. (The Great Barrier Reef 2007)

History

(Great Barrier Reef Holiday 2009)

Page 17: Four Wonders of the World

The Great Barrier Reef

Coral bleaching is having a major impact on the Great Barrier Reef, the scale and extent of bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef since 1998 is unprecedented.

Declines in coral cover can be attributed to planci, predation, storm and cyclone damage, bleaching, and disease. (Osborne K, Dolman AM, Burgess SC, Johns KA, 2011)

Environmental Factors

(Australian Conservation Foundation 2012)

Page 18: Four Wonders of the World

The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef is home to thousands of species of marine life, and over 2 millions tourists a year.

Visitors can snorkel, take helicopter flights or hire a charter boat to navigate through the many islands on the Reef.

Between August and September, Whales breed in the warm waters perfect for whale watching. (Tourism Australia 2013)

Tourism

(Tourism Australia 2012)

Page 19: Four Wonders of the World

.

The world is full man made and natural Wonders.

Each one presented today are historical treasures, scattered across the earth and all intrinsically part of our environment.

These Wonders still remain to be visited by millions of tourists from all around the world.

Page 20: Four Wonders of the World

This presentation was created by…

Michelle Finch

Misty Springfield-Thomas

Roxanne Sturni

Alison Warham

Page 21: Four Wonders of the World

Reference List

INFORMATION:Aurora Borealis – The “Northern Lights” – Industry, Tourism and investment, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.iti.gov.nt.ca/tourismparks/fmi/lights.shtml> Destination 360 2013, Aurora Borealis, Destination 360, viewed 22 April 2013 <http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/alaska/aurora-borealis>

Encyclopaedia Britannica 2013, Colosseum, Encyclopaedia Britannica, viewed 26 April 2013, <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/126613/Colosseum>

Euromonitor International 2007, Top 150 City Destinations: London Leads the Way, Euromonitor International, viewed 2 May 2013, <http://blog.euromonitor.com/2007/10/top-150-city-destinations-london-leads-the-way.html>

Innovation Norway 2013, Visitor Norway, Visit Norway, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.visitnorway.com/en/>

Italy Guides.It 2013, The Roman Coliseum, ItalyGuides.It, viewed 1 May 2013, <http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/colosseum.htm>

Italy Heaven 2013, The Colosseum, Rome, Tourist Heaven Limited, viewed 2 May 2013, http://www.italyheaven.co.uk/rome/colosseum.html

Keller, H, 2013, Helen Keller Quotes, BrainyQuote, viewed 29 April 2013, <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/helen_keller.html>

National Geographic 2009, Exploring Oceans: Great Barrier Reef, 30 March, viewed on 21 April 2013, <http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wbNeIn3vVKM>

Page 22: Four Wonders of the World

Reference ListINFORMATION (CONTINUED):Northern Lights Centre 2012, Northern Lights, Northern Lights Space and Science Centre, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.northernlightscentre.ca/northernlights.html>

Osborne K, Dolman AM, Burgess SC & Johns KA 2011, Disturbance and the Dynamics of Coral Cover on the Great Barrier Reef (1995–2009), PLOS One, Volume 6, No. 3, pp 1 -11, viewed 3 May 2013, <http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4d4d2efc-3255-4169-8153-b82724aa16ba%40sessionmgr14&vid=2&hid=11>

Peel, T & B 2011, Facts on Victoria Falls, The Travel Guide to Victoria Falls, viewed 22 & 24 April 2013, <http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/facts-on-victoria-falls.html>

Roberts, P 2012, The Victoria Falls, To The Victoria Falls, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.tothevictoriafalls.com/vfpages/victoriafalls.html>

Rome Info 2009, Fall of the Roman Empire, Rome Info, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.rome.info/history/empire/fall>

Slanina, S 2007, Aurora Borealis, Encyclopaedia of Earth, viewed 21 April, <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Aurora_Borealis>

Syed, M.H 2009, New Seven Wonders (World), Himilaya Publishing House, EBL Ebook Library, viewed 3 May 2013, <http://reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/(S(r0ksbfaq2e2gtqpwt5kcjsnr))/Reader.aaas?p=588134&o=132&u=cdNnlZu50%2f3gWw8tvFHkSg%3d%3d&t=1367926992&h=BB1F6133B6409DA892458E553A09BB39E80137FC&s=8523029&ut=405&pg=1&r=img&c=-1&pat=n#/>

The Great Barrier Reef 2007, History of the Great Barrier Reef, Discover Australia, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.greatbarrierreef.org/history.php>

Page 23: Four Wonders of the World

Reference ListINFORMATION (CONTINUED):Tourism Australia 2013, Great Barrier Reef, Tourism Australia, viewed 24 April 2013, <http://www.media.australia.com/en-au/factsheets/4679_4786.aspx>

Turunen, E, Manninen, J & Turunen, T 2012, Aurora Borealis, This is Finland, viewed 30 April 2013, <http://finland.fi/Nature_Environment/aurora/history.html>

Zambia Tourism 2013, The Victoria Falls, Zambia Tourism, viewed 21 & 22 April 2013, <http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/places/victoria.htm> 

IMAGES: Africa Safari 2012, ‘Victoria Falls Sunset’ [image], in High on Adrenaline at Victoria Falls, Africa Safari, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.africa-safari.org.za/african-adventure/high-on-adrenaline-at-victoria-falls/> Amazing Victoria Falls 2013, 'The Victoria Falls Bridge' [image], in Victoria Falls, Amazing Victoria Falls, viewed 27 April 2013, <http://www.amazingvictoriafalls.com/?page_id=568> Australian Conservation Foundation 2012, 'Fish in Coral' [image], in Conserving the Great Barrier Reef, Australian Conservation Foundation, viewed 7 May 2013, <http://www.acfonline.org.au/about-us/our-success-stories/conserving-great-barrier> Australian Conservation Foundation 2013, 'untitled' [image], in Conserving the Great Barrier Reef, Australian Conservation Foundation, viewed 16 April 2013, <http://www.acfonline.org.au/about-us/our-success-stories/conserving-great-barrier>

Desktop Nexus 2008, ‘Aurora Borealis over the sea’ [image], in Forces of Nature, Desktop Nexus, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://nature.desktopnexus.com/wallpaper/24970/>

Page 24: Four Wonders of the World

Reference List

IMAGES (CONTINUED):Earthsky 2012, 'Aurora' [image], in The Aurora Borealis and the Coming Solar Maximum, Earthsky, viewed 16 April 2013, <http://earthsky.org/space/the-aurora-borealis-and-the-coming-solar-maximum> Echomon 2012, 'Ridley Scott's Gladiator' [image], in 15 Best Pictures of Gladiators, Echomon, viewed 16 April 2013, <http://echomon.co.uk/15-best-pictures-of-gladiators/>

Gateway To Gold 2010, ‘Why We Love The Pyramids Of Giza’ [image], in The Pyramids OF Giza, Gateway To Gold, viewed 26 April, 2013, <http://gatewaytogold.com/why-we-love-the-pyramids-of-giza/>

Great Barrier Reef Holiday 2009, ‘Reef Fish’ [image], in Gallery, Great Barrier Reef Holiday, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.great-barrier-reef-holiday.com.au/great-barrier-reef-holiday-gallery.html> Innovation Norway 2013, 'Aurora Borealis' [image], in Visitor Norway, Visit Norway, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.visitnorway.com/en/>

Martin, J 2006, ‘Interior of the Colosseum’ [image], in Roman Colosseum Pictures, Go Italy, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://goitaly.about.com/od/romeitaly/ig/Roman-Colosseum-Pictures/Colosseum-interior-picture.htm> Peel, T & B 2011a, 'David Livingstone' [image], in Facts on Victoria Falls, The Travel Guide to Victoria Falls, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/facts-on-victoria-falls.html>

Peel, T & B 2011b, 'Sunrise at Victoria Falls' [image], in Victoria Falls Pictures, Travel Guide to Victoria Falls, viewed 25 April 2013, <http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/victoria-falls-pictures.html>

Page 25: Four Wonders of the World

Reference List

IMAGES (CONTINUED).

Roman Empire Tours 2013, 'Colosseum' [image], in Colosseum Facts, Roman Empire Tours, viewed 7 May 2013, <http://romanempiretours.com/colosseum-facts/>

Rome Museum 2013, 'untitled' [image], in Colosseum Walking Tour, Rome Museum, viewed 16 April 2013, <http://www.rome-museum.com/colosseum_walking_tour.php> Saint Mary's University 2010, 'Earth' [image], in Earth History: Atlantic Canadian Perspective, No Limit Learning, viewed 19 April 2013, <http://nolimitlearning.wordpress.com/category/course-listings/web-courses/geology-web-courses-course-listings/>

Tourism Australia 2012, 'Snorkelling on the Great Barrier Reef' [image], in The Great Barrier Reef, Media Centre, viewed 25 April 2013, <http://www.media.australia.com/en-au/factsheets/4679_4786.aspx>

Visit Finland 2011, 'Colorful Aurora Borealis in Finland' [image], in 24 Amazing Auroras: Aurora Borealis & Aurora Australis, Love These Pics, viewed 1 May 2013, <http://www.lovethesepics.com/2011/02/24-amazing-auroras-aurora-borealis-aurora-australis/> 

AUDIO:

Kororago 2009, The Tudors Soundtrack - Main Theme, 26 July, viewed May 1 2013, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W39HFh9y7x8>