Maths Workshop for Parents

Foundation Stage, Year 1 and Year 2

Maths in Foundation Stage

Maths is one of the 7 areas of learning and throughout Foundation our responsibility is to:

¨provide children with opportunities to develop

and improve their skills in counting, understanding and using numbers, calculating simple addition and subtraction problems; and

to describe shapes, spaces, and measures.¨From Statutory Framework for Early Years Foundation Stage

Numbers: children count reliably with numbers from 1 to 20, place them in order and say which number is one more or one less than a given number. Using quantities and objects, they add and subtract two single-digit numbers and count on or back to find the answer. They solve problems, including doubling, halving and sharing.

Shape, space and measures: children use everyday language to talk about size, weight, capacity, position, distance, time and money to compare quantities and objects and to solve problems. They recognise, create and describe patterns. They explore characteristics of everyday objects and shapes and use mathematical language to describe them.

From Statutory Framework for Early Years Foundation Stage

By the end of FS2Foundation:By the end of Foundation Stage children should be able to confidently: •Count forwards to 100 in unison with other children.•Count backwards from at least 20.•Know the next number for any number up to 12, e.g. eight, ____.•Match one-to-one in counting e.g. one counter, two counters …•Recognise numbers up to and including 6 without having to count: do children recognise arrays, e.g. 6 dots on a dice, without counting?•Match numbers to fingers, e.g. hold up 7 fingers (without counting each finger).•Begin to compare numbers, e.g. knowing that 6 is bigger than 4. •Know the story of 6 (3 + 3, 2 + 4, 1 + 5, 6 + 0), and the stories of 5 and of 4 and of 3... •Recognise some 2-digit numbers related to their own experiences. E.g. Daddy is 34, I live at number 56, etc. •Recognise the difference between ‘flat’ and ‘solid’ shapes and describe shapes by mentioning a property, e.g. this one rolls, this one has corners...•Spot and continue patterns•Compare the size of things using mathematical language, e.g. Tom is taller than me.

What does this look like in the classroom?

Class rules and routines• Counting how many children are present each day• Subtracting the absent children from the normal class size• Knowing the size of the class• Knowing the times of activities• Working in twos or threes• Ordinal numbers- 1st/2nd/3rd person or time

Number rhymes

• Singing of number songs and use of practical objects as well as parts of the body to accompany the songs.

• Useful youtube links for helping at home:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sov5gM_FvpY• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uenvW3DrMI• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nmx7U_F17Q

Accuracy

In order to count accurately a child needs to count out or take a specified number of things from a larger collection of objects showing reliable 1:1 correspondence by touching each object in turn.

Number Recognition

We focus on one number at a time in FSWe play games and complete reinforcement activities

such as:• Numbers stuck on trees and children run to a given number• Shells with numbers on hidden in the sand• Number jigsaw puzzels• Numbers in feely bags• Collage numbers• Matching numbers to picture quantaties

Number formation

• We have rhymes for forming each numeral see:http://www.communication4all.co.uk/Numeracy/Number%20Formation%20Rhyme%20Cards.pdf• Air write numbers • Writing on whiteboards• Using paint and chalk• Writing in a tray of glitter

Number values aretaught by:

• Matching numbers and groups of objects• Counting a number of objects and making a set of them and saying how

many• Showing a number of fingers to a given number• Teacher says number and children show number of objects.

Estimation

Estimation is introduced to the children as a sensible guess. It is introduced in Foundation Stage as our philosophy is that the

children need to start assessing problems and verbalising their thinking at a young age.

• Objects are placed under a cover or in a bag and the children asked to make a sensible guess.

• Flip flaps are used for the children to guess how many.

Conservation of numberAn essential skill

What is it? A number of objects can be arranged in a certain way and counted. The same objects can be moved around and arranged differently, yet the number is the same because none have been removed.

Children’s misconceptions: Some children think that moving the objects automatically changes the number.

Activities to reinforce understanding: Practice arranging, counting and rearranging objects. Dominoes and dice are useful resources.

Ordering Numbers

Once a child can recognise and name each number and can say them in order, a new task is for them to arrange in order a complete set of numbers from 1-10. One step further is to remove one or two numbers and challenge the children to arrange in order the numbers they have, leaving spaces for the missing number.

Calculating – How we teach it in FS

Recognising differences in quantitiesChildren learn to visually distinguish different amounts-eg- “you’ve got

more peas than me!”They can use the langauge greater and smaller and less and moreAddition-Songs and rhymes which add on one each timePractical activities to combine two amounts “How many altogether?”Subtraction-Song and RhymesCounting out objects and asking if I take one away what will I have?In all activities the level of difficulty will depend on the individual level

of the childrenTeacher will model correct number sentence recording on the boardSimple questions such as these can be asked regularly at home in

Spanish or English to support the children.

Progression to more specific maths teaching. Whats different to Spain?

• Interactive teaching• Emphasis on mental calculation• Different approach to written calculation• Maths through problem solving• Maths is fun!

Aim of our style of teaching

The aim is for children to do mathematics in their heads, and if the numbers are too large, to use pencil and paper to avoid losing track.

To do this children need to learn quick and efficient methods, including appropriate written and mental methods.

We want children to be able to ask themselves questions.

• Can I do this in my head?

• Can I do this in my head using drawings or jottings?

• Do I need to use an expanded/compact written method? (Further up the school)

• Do I need a calculator? (further up the school)

• Finally – is my answer sensible?

Year 1Year OneBy the end of Year One all children should be able to confidently:•Count on and back in ones to and from 100 and from any single-digit or 2-digit number. •Count on and back in tens from any 1-digit or 2-digit number, e.g. 23, 33, 43, 53... Continue to just over 100.•Locate any number on a 1-100 grid or a beaded line 0-100.•Know number bonds to 10, e.g. 5 + 5, 6 + 4, etc. Also know what is left if objects are taken from 10, e.g. 10 fingers, fold down 4, leaves 6 standing. •Begin to be aware of unit patterns, e.g.•2 + 4 = 6 7 + 4 = 11 •12 + 4 = 16 17 + 4 = 21•22 + 4 = 26 etc. 27 + 4 = 31 etc.•Recognise the + and – and = signs, and use these to read and write simple additions and subtractions.•Add small numbers by counting on and subtract small numbers by counting back •Recognise doubles to double 6 and find related halves (half even numbers ≤12).•Recognise the difference between 2-D and 3-D shapes; identify and describe common 2-D and 3-D shapes. •Recognise and compare objects according to height or length, weight or capacity, using appropriate mathematical language. E.g. the tree is taller than the bush, the bag is heavier than the shoes, the teapot holds more than the jug. •Tell the time to the half hour on analogue and digital clocks.•Sort items into lists or tables.

Year 2Year TwoBy the end of year two children should be able to confidently:•Locate any 2-digit number on a landmarked line and use this to compare numbers; record comparisons using crocodile signs, e.g. 56 > 39. •Identify any number on the 1-100 number grid; understand that each number is a multiple of ten and some ones, e.g. 54 is 50 and 4 more. •Know securely number pairs for all the numbers up to and including 12, e.g. pairs which make 8 (4+4, 5+3, 6+2, 7+1, 8+0) and bonds to 10 (1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5).•Recognise that addition and subtraction are inverse operations and understand that 10 – 4 = 6 as well as 6 + 4 = 10.•Count in steps of 2, 5, and 10 from 0.•Count in halves e.g. ½, 1, 1½, 2, 2½, 3…•Know different unit patterns when not crossing a ten, e.g. 4 + 3 = 7• 14 + 3 = 17•24 + 3 = 27, etc.•Begin to recognise unit patterns when crossing a ten, e.g. 5 + 6 = 11• 15 + 6 = 21• 25 + 6 = 31, etc. •Add two single digit numbers (8 + 7) by counting up; add two 2-digit numbers which total less than 100 by counting on in tens and ones, e.g. 54 + 37 as 54 + 30 + 7.•Count back in ones or tens to take away, e.g. 27 – 3 = or 54 – 20 =.•Begin to count up to find a difference between two numbers with a small gap (42 – 38).•Know the 2X, 5X and 10X tables and begin to say how many 10s are in 40 or how many 5s are in 30; use X sign correctly and begin to use ÷ sign. •Understand the concept of one half, one quarter and three quarters as numbers (½, ¼, ¾) and as operators (½ of 6 is...?) in a practical context, e.g. on a fraction strip or with smarties on a cake.•Compare and order objects according to their lengths, weights and capacities using suitable units.•Identify and describe, with reference to relevant properties, 4 or more common 2-D and 3-D shapes. •Tell the time on digital and analogue clocks to the nearest quarter of an hour.

How do we do it?

Resources

Counters

Numberlines

Number squares

CubesPlace Value Cards

Base 10

Number Fans

Question

• What do you see here?

679What’s it made up

of?

Place value- It’s essential! How do we do it?

To have a deep understanding of number and calculation children need to know that a number is made up of digits with different values.

347 is not 3,4,7

It is 300 and 40 and 7

Children are introduced to this partitioning in year 1 ( all 2 digit numbers are made up of 10 and a number of units) and continue with bigger numbers in year 2 (HTU)Being able to partition opens the door to all four number operations.

Look at these examples of the way we ask questions

Try it out!

Show me – number fans / place value cards/ base 10 equipment- careful teacher questioning.Write numbers on white boards- 11 = 10+1HTU charts

AdditionHow do we do it?

We start off very visual FS2/Y1Children should all know for rapid recall number bonds to 10 and the rest will follow:

8+2 =10 you know 18+2 =20

When they know the value of a 10 and a unit they can quickly and easy add 20, 30 or 21, 31 etc

Single Digit Addition (FS2/Y1)

2 + 3 =

At a party, I eat 2 cakes and my friend eats 3. How many cakes did we eat altogether?

Children could draw a picture to help them work out the answer

Single Digit Addition (year 1)

8 + 4 =

8 people are on the bus. 4 more get on. How many people are on the bus now?Children could draw dots or lines, which is quicker than drawing a picture.

or I I I I I I I I I I I I

Count on from the first number – a child finding 3 + 5 counts on from the first number: ‘four, five, six, seven, eight’.

Children would then be encouraged to keep the largest number, even if it is not first in the sum, and then count on using their fingers.

Numberlines for addition and Subtraction• Adding 5 + 3 = 8

• Step 1 start on the biggest number and count on in jumps.

Subtracting 18- 4=• Step 1: start on the biggest number and count back

in jumps.

Number squares for addition and subtraction

Adding 1254 +12= 66Step 1 :Partition the number ( one 10, two units) 10 & 2Step 2: add on the 10 ( down 1)Step 3 add on the units ( right 2)

Adding 10 go down 1Subtracting 10 up 1Adding 1 go right 1Subtracting 1 go left 1

Try it!

Draw a numberline on your board to show8+5=

Put arrows on your number square to show76+15 =

As the chidren get older we ask them to partition numbers to help them jump on teh

number line

Numberline development

As the chidren get older we ask them to partition numbers to help them jump on the number line. So 12 +17 = 17+12(10+2)

What is this sum?

Numberlines cont…Some more able children may be asked to use

what we call an empty numberline.

On a empty numberline we only write what we need and children partition the number they have into chunks, usually of 10 and some units.

17+ 24= 41

17 27 37 41

+10 +10 +4

You Try!

Draw an empty number line to show:46 +37 =

Key Addition and Subtraction• Bridging through 10. Example 18+6=? The calculation must go through

ten. An exchange must be made so we now have 2 tens in our answer. 2 tens and 4 units = 24. In year 1 and 2 it is common for bridging through ten to be a challenge if children are not sure of place value.

• Knowing about bridging through 10 prepares children for understanding the formal addition process in keystage 2- for example why we carry a ten in:

18 + 6

• Adding and subtracting 9 and 11 or 19 and 21- We teach children near 10 methods. As they are so familiar with adding 10 this makes it much easier for them to undertsnad and check whether their answers are sensible. So to add 9 we add 10 and take away 1. To take away 9 we take away 10 and add 1 back.

MultiplicationHow do we do it?

• First recognize that multiplication is repeated addition• No of lots how many per group total

• 3 x 5 = 15• Is the same as 3 lots of 5 or 5 + 5 +5 = 15• Use pictorial cues to represent a x sum.• Encourage them to write the sum:

5 + 5 + 5 = 15

DivisionHow do we do it?

Very basic beginnings of division and often linked multiplication.

If 4x10 is 40- How many groups of 4 are in 40? If I have 40 sweets and share them between

10 people how many sweets do I have?

Unlocking other maths facts from one simple fact

10 x 4 = 404 x 10 = 4040 ÷ 10 = 440 ÷ 4= 10400 ÷100 = 4400 ÷ 1000= 0.440 X10 = 400 I could go on and

on and on!!!

Try thisIf we know that

6 x 10 = 60

What else do we know?

Remember

1. Our methods may seem strange sometimes but we are developing a deep understanding of what number is and why things happen. We’re not just teaching them a method.

2. Our end goal is that they use the most effective and speedy method for calculating once they are in year 6. This is often the compact formal method BUT through our process of maths teaching our students are also incredibly mentally quick due to their deep understanding of number.

What can you do?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHhrm0S8f0Q

• Make maths part of everyday life• Use the language of maths.