Following the Sun to Open Scholarship

Learning Futures Festival Online 2011

Terry Anderson, Ph.D.Canada Research Chair in Distance Education

http://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/800px-neon_open_green.jpghttp://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/800px-neon_open_green.jpghttp://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/800px-neon_open_green.jpghttp://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/800px-neon_open_green.jpg

The world is moving so fast that there are days when the person who says it can’t be done, keeps getting interrupted by the person doing it.

anonymous

Personally, I’m always ready to learn,Although I do not always like to be taught

Winston Churchill

From Anderson & Anderson,( 2009) Online professional development conferencesCanadian Journal of Learning Technologies 35(2)

My One (and only) Claim to Internet Fame

• Organized 1st ever online Conference• Bangkok Conference for ICDE 1992• Ported between BitNet, UseNet FidoNet and

NetNorth and email lists• 6 Keynote speakers• Total cost 6 * $30• See Anderson, T., & Mason, R. (1993). The Bangkok

Project: New tool for professional development. American Journal of Distance Education, 7(2), 5-18 at http://tinyurl.com/5vq2fa9

• Buy!!! At Amazon• Or Preview at

Google Books at tinyurl.com/3lo2fgh

Open Scholar

• “the Open Scholar is someone who makes their intellectual projects and processes digitally visible and who invites and encourages ongoing criticism of their work and secondary uses of any or all parts of it--at any stage of its development”. – Gideon Burton Academic Evolution

Blog

Definitions of Open on the Web (From Google)

• affording unobstructed entrance and exit; not shut or closed;

• affording free passage or access; • open to or in view of all;• accessible to all; • assailable: not defended or capable of being defended• loose: (of textures) full of small openings or gaps; • start to operate or function• not brought to a conclusion; • not sealed or having been unsealed

“Something there is that doesn’t love a a wall, that wants it down”

American Poet, Robert Frost

Photo by Cudiaco

Harmonizing Disruptive Technologies

• “Managing and aligning pedagogical, technical and administrative issues is a necessary condition of success when using emerging technologies for (formal) learning”

• But it takes leadership and disruption!!

Educating the Net Generation: A Handbook of Findings for Practice and Policy , 2009

Promising Signs of Change

• Ubiquity and multi-functionality of web 2.0

• Growth of openness and online resources, OERs

• Increasingly effective pedagogical models and learning activities

• Real educational alternatives – including private sector

• Death and retirement

Values

• We can (and must) continuously improve the quality, effectiveness, appeal, cost and time efficiency of the learning experience.

• Student control and freedom is integral to 21st Century life-long education and learning.

• Education for elites is not sufficient for planetary survival

Open Scholars Use Open Access Software

Open Scholars are Transparent

The ability to view and share thoughts, actions, resources, ideas and interests of others.

“radically increase learner awareness of others’ learning activities in the PLE”

Marc van Harmelen Manchester PLE

Dalsgaard, C., & Paulsen, M. (2009) Transparency in Cooperative Online Education

Open Scholars Create:

• A new type of education work maximizing:– Social learning– Media richness– Participatory and connectivist pedagogies– Ubiquity and persistence– Open data collection and research process– Creating connections

Open Scholars Use and Contribute Open Educational Resources

Because it saves time!!!

Key enablers

• Infrastructure: move to collaborative and cloud based development and distribution

• Design: Return to a focus on outcomes- not on particular tools, content or path

• Support: Institutional policy, funder incentives, appropriate licensing

• Experience: Need to gain awareness by piloting and including OERs in regular programming

• Culture: Do we define ourselves by the content we produce or the quality of the courses we deliver??. Is everything on the Internet OERs?

Why Should an Institution Share its Educational Resources?

• Experiences from OU UK (McAndrew et al, 2009) – OpenLearn repacked and distributes thousands are

course and modules– Benefits:

• accelerating innovation, • establishing collaborations, and • Attracting new students to the University• Increasing transparency• Branding and image growth

– Costs (very little)

But we are haven‘t gotten $$$$ from the Hewlett Foundation

• Funding results:

– General adoption of more open approaches. – from initial work on the concept of open content,– to supporting the open provision of existing

content to – work on advocacy and models of use.

Open Scholars Self Archive

Quality scholarship is peer and public reviewed, accessible, persistent syndicated, commented and transparent.

Open Scholars Apply their research

Open Scholars do Open Research

• Open Notebook: a laboratory notebook that is freely available and indexed on common search engines. …it is essential that all of the information available to the researchers to make their conclusions is equally available to the rest of the world.

• —Jean-Claude Bradley

Open Scholars License, Use (and re-use ) Open Data

http://www.concede.cc/index.php/products/open-data-set-on-ugc-in-higher-education/ EU Project

Open Scholars Filter and Share With Others

Open Scholars support emerging Open Learning alternatives

In-Class Support in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania! The University of Dar es Salaam Computing Centre is going to offer you in-class facilitation of all of the openEd 2.0 course modules against a moderate fee.

Open Scholars Know How to License Their Work for Maximum Impact

CC Licensing Options

Open Scholars Publish in Open Access Journals

• Open Access Journals have increased citation ratings:– Zawacki-Richter, O., Anderson, T., & Tuncay, N. (2010).

The growing impact of open access distance education journals – a bibliometric analysis. Journal of Distance Education, 24(3)

– Analysis of Google citations for 12 Distance Education Journals (using Harzing’s Publish or Perish tool)

– 6 open access, 6 commercially published– Early results show roughly equal citations/paper, but

recent gains in citations by open access journals

aupress.cawww.irrodl.org

Open Scholars Write and Read Open Access Books

Are you Ready to Take the Pledge??

• I pledge that:– “ I will no longer submit my work to closed

publications, nor participate in review or editorial functions for closed publications.”

Open Scholars comment openly on the works of others

• Bookmarking and Annotation add value• Cite-u-like, Mendely, Diigo, Scholar.com• VLE additions like Margenalia.

Open Scholars Build Networks

Open Scholars Lobby for Copyright Reform

Source: swiss-copyright.ch

Open Scholars Assign Open Textbooks

Open Scholars Assign Open Reading

Open Scholars Induce Open Students

• Students as co-creators• Students gaining experience as writers,

authors and teachers• Getting over the use, but don’t

contribute barrier• Students engaged in meaningful work• Extensive literature on value of peer

instruction - especially for gifted students

• Empowering learners as future teachers

Open Scholars support Open Students OpenStudents.Org

Open Scholars Teach Open Courses

Alec Cuoros Open Access Course: Social Media & Open Education (Fall 2009)

George Siemens & Stephen Downes

Introduction au technologie émergentesDave Cormier

Hans Poldoga – http://www.hanspoldoja.net/

Edufeedr.orgUniversity of Tallinn

Open Scholars are Change Agents

• Open scholars develop tools and techniques to help cross-pollination, sustain and grow effective learning networks.

From (Looi 2001).

Issues, Economics &Open Philosophy

Who Pays for Free content?

1. ‘Freemium: free & “pro” versions1. 1% of users support all the rest

2. Advertising: provide a special audience3. Cross-Subsidies: free lunch if you buy beer4. Zero-Marginal Cost: online music5. Labor Exchange: Digg or Google 4116. Gift Economy: $$$ aren’t everything

Wired: http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/16-03/ff_free?currentPage=all

Chris Anderson’s Taxonomy of Free

Openness and the Survival of Public Institutions

• What if a private, for profit company offered to deliver a higher quality education (and was willing to prove it) for considerably less cost to the government than the public system?

• Openness is a way for public institutions to very visibly give back to the people.

The Political Economy of Peer Production Michael Bauwens

• produce use-value through the free cooperation of producers

• a 'third mode of production' neither for-profit or public

• NOT exchange value for a market, but use-value for a community

www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=499

Prod-Users:From production to produsage

Axel Bruns 2008

• Users as active participants in production of artifacts:• Examples:

– Open source movement– Wikipedia– Citizen journalism (blogs)– Immersive worlds– Distributed creativity - music, video, Flickr

Placing Boundaries on the Openess

“Good fences make good neighbors” American poet Robert Frost

Placing Boundaries on the Openness

A good fence helpeth to keepe peace between neighbours; but let vs take heed that we make not a high stone wall, to keepe vs from meeting.[1640 E. Rogers Letter in Winthrop Papers (1944) IV. 282]

Creating Boundaries by Recommendations/input of others

You Don’t Have to work for an Open University to be an Open Scholar

• Some Open Universities are very closed!• Openness is as much a personal as an

institutional decision• We need to move all of our institutions to

Openness

Openness is a Spiral of Growth… but you have to start somewhere

Boundless Opportunities for

• Unanticipated consequences• Challenges of net privacy/presence• Emergent adaptation by students and teachers• Misuse and exploitation

Social Networking helps us create our own boundaries

55

TextText

Stepanyan, Mather & Payne, 2007

Boundary Controls in Elgg

Open Net

Athabasca University Athabasca Landing

E-PortfoliosProfilesGroups/NetworksBookmark

CollectionsBlogs

Media lab

Secondlife campus

AUspace

AlFrescoCMS

Moodle

Library

Course Development

ELGG

MY AULogin

Registry

OERs, YouTUBE

DiscoveryRead & Comment rights

Single Sign on

CIDER

Research/Community Networks

Sample CC Course units and Branded OERs

PasswordsPasswords

Conclusion

• “Open Access is more than a new model for scholarly publishing, it is the only ethical move available to scholars who take their own work seriously enough to believe its value lies in how well it engages many publics and not just a few peers.”

• Gideon Burton, Academic Evolution Blog

Terry Anderson terrya@athabascau.ca

Homepage: http://cde.athabascau.ca/faculty/terrya.php

Blog: terrya.edublogs.org

Your comments and questions most welcomed!