Finding and managing engineering information … and the challenge of publishing Open Access

September 2015 University Library, Thomas Hapke

Finding and managing engineering information … and the challenge of publishing Open Access

Photos: R. Jupitz


Information challenges for academic research

• Being more sure not to miss something essential? – Systematically using subject-specific databases

• Getting access to full texts? – Search engines and beyond

• Coping with information overload? – Using reference managent software like Zotero or Citavi

• Citing and respecting intellectual property rights − an aspect of Good Scientific Practice

• Publishing Open Access!?


Informing – Points to survive

1. Orientation before searching.

Use subject gateways, reference works and your local library!

This presentation! 8-)


Subject gateways

U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov http://www.econbiz.de A printed source: Using the engineering literature / Bonnie A. Osif. 2. ed. 2012. Shelf number for reference copy: TEA-804

http://www.tib.uni-hannover.de/en.html https://getinfo.de/app?&lang=en


• Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (6. ed., 2002, 40 Bände) Online im TUHH-Intranet (2015 ed.)!

• Comprehensive biotechnology (6 Vol., 2. ed., 2011) Online in TUHH Intranet!

• Comprehensive Renewable Energy (2013, 8 vols) Online im TUHH-Intranet!

• Encyclopedia of industrial biotechnology, bioprocess, bioseparation, and cell technology (2010, 7 Bände)

• Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (5. ed., 2004-2007)

• Encyclopedia of ethical, legal, and policy issues in biotechnology (2000)

Using encyclopedias and reference works!


Subject information Process engineering @TUBHH

http://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/subject-information/process-and-chemical-engineering/




2. Don‘t trust only one information source.

How to be more sure not to miss something essential?


Finding journal articles via subject-specific databases

Web of Science with Science Citation Index - interdisciplinary! Who cited a specific document? How much is a document cited?

TEMA (Technology and Management), wti Frankfurt, formerly Fachinformationszentrum (FIZ) Technik

(Access to these reference databases only within TUHH intranet)

PubMed


Differences

Seach engines Subject databases

• Interdisciplinary sources

• Widely intuitively to use

• Full text often searchable

• Rarely intellectual indexing

• Abbrevating of search terms automatically („stemming“)

• Search philosophy: Best hits, relevance ranking

• Good for subject-specific searching

• Sophisticated stragegies for searching possible

• Full text not included in search index

• Partially intellectual indexing with descriptors or integrated thesaurus

• Abbreviating search terms with wildcard symbol (often *)

• Search philosophy: Exact hits, Boolean combination of search terms

Use diverse databases and search engines!


Database of databases: Subject overview

www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/

http://tinyurl.com/DBIS-TUHH (German interface only)


Articles’ databases: Diversity and outcome

Database GVK-Plus (GBV Common Library Network )

PubMed, TEMA (wti), Web of Science

Publishers‘ portals: Wiley, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect

Google Scholar, BASE (Bielefeld Acad. Search Engine)

Content articles, books, and more

Articles, (conference papers)

articles, books, book chapters

articles, books, files, and more

Searchable content

bibliographical description

bibliographical description, abstracts

bibliographical description, abstracts, full text

full text

Content from

printed and electronic holdings of libraries

diverse publishers

only publisher, here e.g. Springer

who knows? 8-)

Access to full text

directly, through library in print or ordering via interlibary loan

through other databases, link resolver or interlibrary loan

directly, in case access is part of subscription

directly, access maybe restricted


About 60 % of the information in patents is not published elsewhere. DEPATISnet - the German patent information system at http://depatisnet.dpma.de

esp@cenet – European Patent Office http://worldwide.espacenet.com/

US patents via the US Patent and Trademark Office http://patft.uspto.gov/ https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/find/patents/

Patents for talents!


Searching for substance properties’ data

In reference works (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, Aldrich Handbook) In extensive substance property collections („Handbooks“) (Landolt-Börnstein Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology, Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry)

Via the net (e.g. NIST Chemistry WebBook at webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ or the Physical Properties Sources Index (PPSI) at http://www.eqi.ethz.ch/en/ - also: Reaxys, SciFinder, both not @TUHamburg) More: https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/find/substance-property-data/

http://www.eqi.ethz.ch/en/





3. In case you are asked for your login or for your credit card, remember the library …

How to get full text?


How to get the full text of this article?

Bohr, H; Bohr, J: Microwave-enhanced folding and denaturation of globular proteins. Phys. Rev. E Vol.: 61 Iss.: 4 Pg: 4310-4314

Access not possible via publisher‘s website within TUHH intranet. Catalog and link resolver link to fulltext via GetInfo at TIB Hannover!


Beyond Google! FindING @ TUHH-Bibliothek

First orientation

Library Catalog TUBfind

Actual research information

Specials

Reference databases for journal articles: TEMA, Web of Science

Civil engineering: RSWB, TEMA Electrical engeineering: Inspec, TEMA, (IEEE) Mechanical engineering: TEMA, Web of Science Process engineering: Web of Science, TEMA Business sciences: TEMA, Business Source Premier, WISO

Library website: https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/ Subject groups in reading room Encyclopedias and other reference works

Media - digital (TUHH intranet!) or printed (reading rooms, closed stacks) https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/?mylang=en

German DIN standards online!

Patents: Esp@cenet, DEPATISnet

Interlibrary loan and document delivery


TUBfind

The library catalog as search engine


Looking for books

http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk.html

GVK - GBV Union Catalogue http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/LNG=EN/

http://www.worldcat.org/

Local library catalog, e.g. from the TUHH library https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/?mylang=en

Regional Catalogue of Hamburg http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.91/LNG=EN/

http://books.google.com

http://beluga.hamburg


„On the shoulders of“ Google Scholar

Ca. 1410 Quelle: http://lccn.loc.gov/50041709


Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com

Finding full texts


Via linking service to the catalog!


From Google Scholar to the printed book!

Classical interface of the catalog!


A further example

Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com


Request for interlibrary loan!


Ordering interlibrary loan via GBV database


Request for copy!

Ordering!


Interlibrary loan via library union network

Interlibrary loan for material not

owned by the TUHH library! Use the databases of the GBV Common Library Network to locate material! Fee 1,50 € for one article (copy) or book.


Request details already filled!


Function of Link Resolvers

Cited source

Link Resolver

Source of full text

Knowledge base with local

holdings data

Catalog data, maintenance through

library

Meta data (in OpenURL)

URL of source, e.g. DOI (in OpenURL)

Search in catalog, interlibrary loan

database

Meta data (in OpenURL)






4. When searching: „Bulls*** in, bulls*** out.“

Think about search terms you use and their variations and synonyms.

Poorly chosen search terms bring poor search results. Too general key words lead to too many hits from which often only a fraction is useful; when using too specific key words, important information might not be found.


Play! With search terms!

Make a search term diagram!

Topic: Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds in soil Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Microbi* degrad* aromat* soil* Biodegrad* Polyaromat* Clay* Bioremed* Benzene compost* Microbi* decompos* PAH sediment* Mikrobiol* abbau* Naphthalin Boden* Böden

Component 1 AND Component 2 AND Component 3 where e.g.

Component 1 = (“microbi* degrad*”) OR biodegrad* OR bioremed* OR...


Playing with search terms in Web of Science

www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/


Play! With databases!

Explore database features:

• Boolean logic

• Wildcard symbols: * ? $

• “Neighborhood operators”: Context and phrases

• Search fields: Basic index, author field, descriptor or thesaurus fields







5. When finding information - think already of its further processing, respectively later publication of your research results.

How to cope with information overload?


Reference management is no art!

Matej Krén, Idiom, Town Library Prague (1998), Photo 2009

Today not searching or finding is the main problem, but coping with information overload!


Software for reference management

http://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/publishing/reference-management/


Possible functionalities in Citavi Step-by-Step Overview http://ftp.citavi.com/service/en/docs/Citavi_5_Slideshows.pdf Numbers can be used for short links to step-by-step guides in the manual, e.g. www.citavi.com/shows/10

http://ftp.citavi.com/service/en/docs/Citavi_5_Slideshows.pdf

http://ftp.citavi.com/service/en/docs/Citavi_5_Slideshows.pdf


Reference management on the web with Zotero


Bibliographical formats to import

TY - JOUR SN - 0926-9630 AU - Jauhiainen, A. AU - Pulkkinen, R. T1 - Problem-based learning JF - Studies in health SP - 572 EP - 576 VL - 146 PY - 2009 KW - Education KW - Nursing ER -

RIS %0 Journal Article %@ 0926-9630 %A Jauhiainen, A. %A Pulkkinen, R. %T Problem-based learning %J Studies in health %P 572-576 %V 146 %D 2009 %K Education %K Nursing

EndNote Tagged

@article{Jauhiainen_Pulkkinen:2009, author = {Jauhiainen, A. and Pulkkinen, R.}, year = {2009}, title = {Problem-based learning and e-learning methods in clinical practice}, keywords = {Education; Nursing}, pages = {572--576}, volume = {146}, issn = {0926-9630}, journal = {Studies in health} }

BibTeX

PMID- 19592907 PT - Journal Article IS - 0926-9630 (Print) AU - Jauhiainen A AU - Pulkkinen R TI - Problem-based learning JT - Studies in health PG - 572-6 VI - 146 DP - 2009 MH - Education MH - Nursing

No Standard


Types of Citation Styles

40

References as in-text

citations

Author / Date (Doe, Smith 2009:

14)

Reference number

[34]

Citation Key [DoS09:14]

References as footnotes

Author / Date Doe, Smith 2009: 14

Full citation Jane Doe, Mia

Smith: E-Learning. London 2009, p. 14

Full citation in footnotes sometimes called „Oxford System“. Known style = Chicago-Manual of Style

Author-Year-System also called „Harvard System“. Known style = APA-Style.


Combining Citavi or Zotero with Word or Writer


How to reduce uncertainty to miss important information?

• Using different databases. • Using subject-specific databases. • Reflecting on appropriate search terms. • Knowing how to logically combine search terms

within a specific database interface. • Keeping treck of results through effective

reference management. • …

A first summary


Citing as part of Good Scientific Practice


Research integrity

„European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity“ (2011) of the European Science Foundation http://www.esf.org/coordinating-research/mo-fora/research-integrity.html

„[T]he principles of integrity in scientific and scholarly research […] include: • honesty in communication; • reliability in performing research; • objectivity; • impartiality and independence; • openness and accessibility; • duty of care; • fairness in providing references and giving credit; and • responsibility for the scientists and researchers of the future.“ (p.5)

http://www.esf.org/coordinating-research/mo-fora/research-integrity.html








Good Scientific Practice

Recommendations of the German Research Foundation (DFG) for "Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice” (Updated 2013) http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/principles_dfg_funding/good_scientific_practice/ • Richtlinie zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis und zum Umgang mit wissenschaftlichem Fehlverhalten an der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg http://www.tuhh.de/tuhh/uni/informationen/ordnungen-richtlinien/richtlinie-zur-sicherung-guter-wissenschaftlicher-praxis.html

http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/principles_dfg_funding/good_scientific_practice/


http://www.tuhh.de/tuhh/uni/informationen/ordnungen-richtlinien/richtlinie-zur-sicherung-guter-wissenschaftlicher-praxis.html















Play the Dilemma Game

“Dilemma Game ‘Professionalism and Integrity in Research’” offered by the Erasmus University Rotterdam http://www.eur.nl/english/eur/publications/integrity/dilemma_game/




Basic rules for citing

1) Used sources have to be quoted.

2) Position of references has to be without any doubt.

3) Cited sources have to be traceable because of bibliographical description.

4) Consult the original document of your sources! Don‘t use a citation from a paper without looking at the original document of the citation. Avoid secondary citations!

According: Theuerkauf, Judith: Schreiben im Ingenieurstudium : Effektiv und effizient zur Bachelor-, Master- und Doktorarbeit. Paderborn : Schöningh, 2012, pp. 86-99. Biedermann, Wieland et al: Forschungsmethodik in den Ingenieurwissenschaften : Skript vom Lehrstuhl für Produktentwicklung, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann, Technische Universität München (TUM), 2012, p. 63.


Avoid secondary citations! An example

A conference paper cited a lot Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Also actually cited a lot!

Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow. …


Locating paper via interlibrary loan!

Searching the catalog of the GBV Common Library Network (https://www.gbv.de/?set_language=en): Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Accessible at TIB/UB Hannover!

Searching the catalog of the GBV Common Library Network: Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Getting the paper via interlibrary loan!

Accessible is only the abstract! Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.

And now?


Searching the paper in an engineering database!

Database: TEMA Technology and Management from wti-Frankfurt Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Complete paper appeared in a journal!

Result in TEMA: Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Journal in print available at TUHH library!

Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Searching for paper in database Web of Science! Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.


Versions of citing Friedel‘s paper

Searching the database „Web of Science“! The correct citation: Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow. In: 3 R-International, 18, 7, 485-491. „Mixtures“ 8-)







5. When finding information - think already of its further processing respectively later publication of your research results.

6. Keeping current …

7. Reflect on information and on your own information behavior

https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/find/subject-information/informing-points-to-survive/


Thinking about publishing

Graphics from: J. Priem, D. Taraborelli, P. Groth, C. Neylon (2010), Altmetrics: A manifesto, 26 October 2010. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto CC BY-SA

http://altmetrics.org/manifesto


Journals’ Crisis

Length of publication process, subscription prices of journals => Open Access (OA)

Authors want to publish more, readers want to read less.

(Hans E. Roosendaal, University of Twente)

http://engineering.library.cornell.edu/about/StickerShock http://engineering.library.cornell.edu/about/StickerShock2

Foto: TilarX / Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/tylerstefanich/2117633427/ CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)


Services for publishing

Foto: TilarX / Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/tylerstefanich/2117633427/ CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/publishing/


Open knowledge

Openness defined: “Open data and content can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose”

http://opendefinition.org/

Graphics: e-InfraNet: ‘Open’ as the default modus operandi for research and higher education (2013) http://tinyurl.com/diversity-openness CC-BY-SA 3.0 Lizenz

https://okfn.org/


Open Access (OA)

• Without costs for readers • Worldwide availability without technical or legal

barriers

• TUB HH: http://www.tub.tu-harburg.de/en/publishing/openaccess/

• http://www.openaccessweek.org

Free and unhindered access to scholarly information for anybody

Supported by all major German research communities: Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities. 22 October 2003


Better visibility and citation of

documents and data

Immediate access to scientific

information free of cost

Easy reuse and modification

Fast discussion and reception of research results

Way out of the journal crisis for

libraries

Better quality because anybody can find mistakes

Copyright stays with the author

Reasons for Open Access


Ensuring the quality of Open

Access publications!?

Using alternative methods for peer

review, e.g. altmetrics!?

Managing author costs (article processing charges)!?

Ensuring longtime archiving!?

Using open content

licenses!?

Managing copyright issues

when publishing!?

Getting and measuring impact and reputation!?

Open Access challenges


„Open Access is a strategic aim of TUHH“

Presidium of TUHH 20.03.2013

The Golden Road: First publication in Open

Access journal

Articles in peer-reviewed Open Access journals

Finding the right journal: Directory of Open Access Journals www.doaj.org

Publication fees: Support by Publishing Fund

of TUHH

The Green Road: Parallel publication of pre-

and postprints as Open Access

Practicing the right to publish pre-/post-prints as

secondary publication

Self archiving via TUBdok: Open Access Repository of

the TUHH

What is allowed by my publisher:

Open Access Policies www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

Ways to publish Open Access


Using open licences

CC 0 Public Domain

CC BY 4.0 Attribution (Indicate if changes were made)

CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike

CC BY-ND 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives

CC BY-NC 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives

CC-Graphics: http://creativecommons.org/examples / CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

A modular system for securing some intellectual property rights: Share – Adapt – Remix

Photo: TilarX / Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/tylerstefanich/2117633427/ CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)


Nature Special 2013 on the future of publishing

http://www.nature.com/news/specials/scipublishing/

Open Access Data curation Quality of Open Access publishers Alternatives to Peer Review: “Altmetrics” Impact Factor and Hirsch-Index Creative Commens-Licences


Another tip: Thinking anew about science!

Open Access publication 2014: http://www.openingscience.org/get-the-book/


At the end something general

Some general hints and key competences when managing information

‣ Be prepared for constant change.

‣ Know your skills and limits!

‣ Tolerate ambiguity and differences.

‣ Don‘t give up too early.

‣ Be aware that every fact is the result of an act, that information has been created by somebody with a certain purpose.

According: T. Hapke: Informationskompetenz in einer neuen Informationskultur. In: Handbuch Informationskompetenz, S. 36-48. Ed. W. Sühl-Strohmenger. Berlin: De Gruyter Saur, 2012.


A written summary of this presentation

Appendix I. The world of biotechnology information: seven points for reflecting on your information behavior (by T. Hapke) In: Buchholz, K., Kasche, V., Bornscheuer, U.T.: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology. 2. ed. Wiley-VCH, 2012, S. 553-564. Preprint available at: http://www.chemie.uni-greifswald.de/~biotech/assets/downloads/Information_BuchholzKascheBornscheuer.pdf


Contact

Thomas Hapke Web: http://www.tuhh.de/b/hapke/ Blog: http://blog.hapke.de Slidespace: http://www.slideshare.net/thapke Tweets: http://twitter.com/thapke

Informing – Points to survive at https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/informing-points-to-survive/

http://www.tuhh.de/b/hapke/

http://blog.hapke.de/

http://www.slideshare.net/thapke

http://twitter.com/thapke