+

Developmental PsychologyRogie Mae AnubLethbridge College Psych 1170

+ What’s interesting about Developmental psychology ?

The study of:

Infant- directed speech and how it affects language development in early childhood

The importance of secure attachment in early childhood Caregiver characteristics that affect child

development

Parenting styles

Figure 1

+Language Development

Use of Infant Directed Speech (IDS)

Simplified, higher pitched speech that grown- ups use when conversing with young kids.

IDS helps infants identify sounds in their mother’s speech specific to the language they are learning.

Babies show preference to IDS whether spoken by male or female.

IDS is important for grammar development (Boyd et al, 2015)

Figure 2

+Language Development

Children talk sooner, develop more

vocabularies, use more complex sentences and

learn to read more promptly if parents

constantly talk, read and use wide variety of words

when conversing with them (Boyd et al, 2015).

Figure 3

+ Attachment Theory

Infants are genetically designed to have the ability and need to form emotional bonds with their caregivers.

The first two years of life is a critical time for forming such relationship. Failure to do so

may cause social and personality problems in the future (Boyd et al, 2015).

Figure 4

+Caregiver Characteristics

Patients must be emotionally available and willing to form an emotional attachment to the infant

Contingent responsiveness- being able to respond to and being sensitive to child’s verbal and nonverbal cues.

Infants whose parents are married are more likely to be securely attached than with those who have single or cohabiting parent. (Boyd et al, 2015)

Figure 5

+ Caregiver Characteristics

Infants who interact with a depressed parent express more negative emotions, exhibit undernourishment and develop insecure attachment.

Depressed mothers tend to either beLess affectionate Overstimulating (overly involved) orOverreacting and responds to the infant’s

undesirable behavior with anger.

(Boyd et al, 2015)

Figure 6

Figure 7

+ Long- term Consequences of Attachment Quality

Children who are securely attached during infancy are

more sociable

less dependent on teachers

less aggressive

more empathetic

more emotionally mature with interactions in school and other settings

(Boyd et al, 2015)

Figure 8

+ Long- term Consequences of Attachment Quality

Adolescents who were considered as securely attached during infancy are

more socially skilled

have more intimate relationships

are more likely to be considered as leaders

have higher self- esteem and better grades.

(Boyd et al, 2015)Figure 9

+ Long- term Consequences of Attachment Quality

Mothers who are securely attached themselves are more sensitive and responsive to their infants and young children.

Parents with history of insecure attachment often lack confidence in their ability to perform parenting role efficiently, and are more likely to view infants negatively.

(Boyd et al, 2015)

Figure 10

+Parenting Styles

1. Warmth/ nurturance. Children with nurturing parents have more positive behaviors, and are less likely to conduct delinquent actions.

2. Clarity and consistency of rules. Parents with clear and consistently applied rules have children who are much less likely to be defiant

(Boyd et al, 2015; p. 221)

Figure 11

3. Level of expectations. Children show high self- esteem and generosity if their parents are not overly restrictive and have high expectations.

4. Communication. Open and regular communication between parent and child leads to more positive outcomes.

Developmentalist Diana Baumrind presented four varying aspects of family

functioning.

+

Authoritarian: low in nurturance and communication, high in control and maturity demands

Permissive: high in nurturance, low in maturity demands, control and communication

Authoritative high in nurturance, maturity demands, control and communication

Uninvolved: low in nurturance, maturity demands, control and communication.

(Boyd et al, 2015; p. 222)

Figure 12

+Figure 13

+ How is this relevant to me personally? I was always curious about what influences kids to act the way they

do, and this activity helped me gain more knowledge about some factors that affect child development.

What I learn here will help me in my future life as a mother. This will help me identify how I need to act and how to properly guide my child in his/ her development both physically and emotionally.

I was a kid once too, so learning about some factors that affect child development gives me an additional insight of what kind of person I have become.

Studying child development will especially be beneficial for me seeing as I can apply what I learned here in my maternity/ pediatric clinical practice next semester.

Figure 14

+Professional Life

Having a background knowledge about human development will help me in my future nursing practice.

I have always been interested in working in the field of pediatrics, and having this knowledge will help me with my daily interaction with kids and help me provide the best possible care.

Along with taking care of kids, I will also need to educate parents and other caregivers about how to properly take care of their children, and having a background knowledge about child development will prove to be very convenient.

Figure 15

+ReferencesBoyd, D., Johnson, P. & Bee, H. (2015). Lifespan development (5th Can. Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

Education Inc.

Figure 1 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://study.com/academy/course/uexcel-life-span-developmental-

psychology-course.html

Figure 2 retrieved November 1, 2015, from https://www.pinterest.com/annagenemcclune/speech/

Figure 3 retrieved from http://barnredbooks.blogspot.ca/2012/02/perils-of-parenting-while-plugged-in.html

Figure 4 retrieved November 31, 2015, from http://laraneportfolio.weebly.com/socialization-and-attachment.html

Figure 5 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://www.psychalive.org/what-is-your-attachment-style/

Figure 6 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://respectfulparent.com/ten-problems-attachment-parenting/

Figure 7 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://hermagazine.ca/are-you-suffering-from-post-partum-depression/

Figure 8 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://www.attachfromscratch.com/about-me.html

Figure 9 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120302082911.htm

Figure 10 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://www.attachfromscratch.com/attachment-theory.html

Figure 11 retrieved November 28, 2015, from http://www.parentsareimportant.com

Figure 12 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://hybridparenting.org/category/parenting/parenting-styles-parenting/

Figure 13 retrieved November 31, 2015, from http://www.borgenmagazine.com/poverty-child-development/

Figure 14 retrieved November 1, 2015, from

https://www.psy.uni-hamburg.de/en/arbeitsbereiche/entwicklungspsychologie.html

Figure 15 retrieved November 1, 2015, from http://wallpapershidef.com/nursing-cartoon-pictures.html