Fieldwork Presentation On Satkhira

PRESENTATIONON

SATKHIRA REGION

MD. NOOR ALIMD. SOHEL RANAMD. TOUFICK IMAMK. M. FERDOUS MAHMUDMOHAMMAD RUBAIAT ISLAM

SUBMITTED BY

AT A GLANCE REVIEW ON SATKHIRA REGION

NATURAL RESOURCE

ECOSYSTEM

BIODIVERSITY

POLLUTION

SOCIAL ISSUE

CLIMATE CHANGE

FIELD WORK?

Implementation of analyzed knowledge in the field

To increase the problem solving capacity of the students

Our environment is very complex in natureEnvironmental problems are also complex and

therefore field investigation helps someone to understand them more easily and effectively

WHY SATKHIRA?

South-western district of Bangladesh under Khulna Division

Affected by huge number of natural hazards like the other coastal area

Threatened biodiversity due to over extraction of biological resources

Highly practiced Coastal aquaculture High Salinity problemLevel of arsenic contamination in the aquifer is

extremely high

WHY SATKHIRA?

LOCATION

SATKHIRA – AT A GLANCE

LOCATION: - Between 22.35°N & 89.08°E BOUNDARY: -

Jessore District in the north Bay of Bengal to the south Khulna District in the east Pargana District of West Bengal in the west

AREA: - 3858.33 km² POPULATION: - 1,843,194

MALE = 50.54% Female = 49.46%

SATKHIRA – AT A GLANCE

MAIN OCCUPATION: - Agriculture 36.9% Agricultural laborers 26.74% commerce 13.32% service 4.37% wage laborers 3.72% transport 2.46%

LITERACY RATE: - Average literacy 30.35% Males = 39.7% Females = 21%

MAIN EXPORTS: - Shrimp, Paddy, Jute, Wheat, Betel Leaf, Leather and Jute products.

1% 1% 2%2%

4%

4%8%

13%27%

37%

pisicultureIndustryFishingTransportWage laborersServiceOthersBusinessAgricultural labourAgriculture

FIELD OBJECTIVES

Behind any work, there must be some aim and objectives. Major aims and objectives are-

Investigate environmental change in ecosystemIdentify the potentiality of tourismStudy socio-economic condition of Satkhira DistrictEnvironmental problem, pollution and their mitigationChange in biodiversity due to human activityStudy about potential resourcesIdentify potential hazard and disaster

AILA – THE NIGHTMARE

NATURAL RESOURCE

These are the abiotic or biotic products and goods provided by nature which has economic, aesthetic or other values.

The Renewable and non renewable resources of study area can be categorizes as followings: - Forest Resource Water Resource Land Resource Food Resource Energy Resource Mineral Resource

FOREST RESOURCE One type of Renewable resources Used directly and indirectly Direct use of forest products are -

Fruits: - Mango, Jackfruit, Berry, Banana etc. Medicine: - Basak, Kalomegh, Shatomuli etc. Fuel wood: - Many trees and shrubs. Small timber for building huts and houses.

Indirect Uses of the forest includes- Building material and furniture for urban sector. Medicinal products collected and processed. Gums and resins processed into a variety of products. Raw material for industrial products and chemicals for example: -

paper, pulp, juice, soft drinks, alcohols, particle board, thread etc.

WATER RESOURCE

It is a Renewable resource. Industrial productionAgricultural activities. Shrimp, crab and salt cultivationDrinking water in that area is really a valuable

resource. Salinity in land for irrigation of saline water.Sea water intrusion problems

LAND RESOURCE

Renewable if properly maintained. Used as construction materials. Sundarban is the habitat of many species. Mostly used as agricultural land (70%). Used to grow paddy, jute, sugarcane, vegetables etc. Some salt, shrimp and crab culture. highly potential and cultivable lands are losing their fertility

due to influence of coastal aqua culture. Land degradation due to deforestation and tide.

FOOD RESOURCEFruits provided by local trees- Mango, coconut, Jackfruit, Berry,

Lichi, Guava, Banana etc.Rice is widely cultivated (20% land) mainly Aman, Aus, Boro etc.Vegetables are grown- cauliflower, Bean, Cabbage, Radish etc.Spices- Pepper, Onion, Ginger, turmeric, cassia etc.Coastal aquaculture (45% land) - Crab, Shrimp, Salt etc.Dairy and poultry products from cow, goats, hen, duck etc.Sundarban provide honey and many processed food items.Food for forest animals and fishes.

MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCE

The energy and minerals are limited in the area-

Electricity is not available in every house.Most of the people use petroleum (Kerosene, diesel, petrol)

products.The fuel woods, leaves are widely used for cooking purpose. Wax from Sundarban areas.The residues from agricultural activity, cow dung are used.The presence and extraction of mineral resource is very limited.

The petroleum, coal and peat are absent in geology. Some heavy minerals may be found in sandy deposits, not

economical

ECOSYSTEMS

Biotic and abiotic compounds of a particular area and their correlation. Three components- Producers: - Kadam, Barai, Coconut, Mango, Paddy, Simul, Sundari and

Gewa, grasses and Palms(golpata), Phytoplanktons in aquatic body . Consumers : -

Primary consumers: - Insects, rodents, rabbit, deer, cow, buffalo, goat; Humans, small crustaceans, mollusks, etc. in the aquatic habitat.

Secondary consumers: - These are carnivores and omnivores. Examples of secondary consumers are sparrow, crow, fox, wolves, dogs, cats, snakes, Humans etc.

Tertiary consumer: - Tigers, hawk, vulture, sometimes human. Decomposers: -Mainly fungi, bacteria and earthworms.

ECOSYSTEMS (CONTINUED)

Different interactions among components create different food chain and web.

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM

Aquatic Ecosystem

Fresh water Ecosystem

Pond and Lake

River and Streem

Brackish water

Ecosystem

Esturian and sea coasts

Manmade Ecosystem

Marine Ecosystem

Deep and shallow ocean

TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Forest Ecosystem

Grassland Ecosystem

Manmade Ecosystem

Crop fields ecosystem

Garden Ecosystem

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID

Tertiary carnivoreSecondary carnivores

Primary carnivores

Herbivores

Autotrophs

The pyramid of number, biomass and energy show the same trend as following:

BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity is the variation of plant and animal species in a particular area including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.

Can be used in different ways by local people. Productive use: - Breeding, disease resistant strains, drugs etc. Consumptive use: - Timber, Fruit, fodder etc. Aesthetic value: - Sundarban and its beauty. Future options: - Many species can be used in future researches.

The diversity differ among different community and Ecosystems. The diversity can be classified as: -

Local Biodiversity Mangrove Biodiversity

LOCAL BIODIVERSITY

Flora: - Major plant species found in this area are as follows-

Local name Scientific name Local name Scientific name

Mango Mangifera indica Raintry kory Samanea saman

Sil Koroi Albizia lucida Kadam Anthrocephalus chinensis

Blackberry Syzygium cumini Mahagani Swietenia mahagoni

Jackfruite Artocarpous heterophyllus Barai Zizyphys manuritiana

Simul Bombax ceiba Coconut Cocos nucifera

Litchi Litchi chinensis Paddy Oryza sativa

Sarisa Brassica campestris Tall Borassus fiabillifer

LOCAL BIODIVERSITY(CONTINUED)

• FAUNA: - Among various animal species, these followings are significant-

LOCAL NAME

Cow Dog Gulls Wild cat

Hen Crow Spotted Doves Crabs

Goat Monkey Fox Shrimp

Deer Pigeon Cat Snail

Harriers Jungle Crows Squirrel Snakes

Ducks Gray Herons Monkey Butterfly

MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY

Floral composition: - Almost all mangrove plant species are evergreen, dwarf, shrubby or tall trees, The

prominent species is Sundari (Heritiera fomes) and Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha). All of them are ecologically adopted by various morphologic and geologic features

(areal root, viviparous germination) The major type of species includes: -

GENERAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME GENERAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Sundari Heritiera fomes Passur Xylocarpus mekongensis Gewa E agallocha Dhundul X. granatum Goran Ceriops decandra Bain Avicennia alba, A. marina,

A. officinales Golpata Nipa fruticans Rhizophores Rizophoraceae Keora Sonneratia apetala Hantal Phoenix pelludosa

Ora S. caseolaris

MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY(CONTINUED)


Faunal composition: - Sundarban mangrove forest is the single largest home of the Royal

Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris). The number will be 450 but experts believe that it is more or less 200.

According to different sources, there are 375 species of wild animals in the Sundarbans. Of them, 10 are amphibians, 63 are reptiles, 261 are birds, and 41 are mammals and

The forest department of Bangladesh are claiming that there are 200 Crocodiles, 80 thousand Deer, 175 Fish species.


20 thousand boars, 40 thousand monkeys, 20 thousand otters, more than 50 thousand birds and snakes.

Among 175 species of fish : - 53 of Pelagic 124 of Demersal 24 Shrimps 7 species of Crab 2 of Gastropods, 6 of Molluskes, 8 of lobster 3 species of Turtle.

Extinct species during the last two centuries are Javan Rhino, Wild buffalo, Swamp deer and barking deer.


Mammals: -Royal bangle tiger, Monkey, Wild boars, spotted deer, Porcupines and Rhesus macaque.

Reptiles: - The King cobra, the common cobra, Banded krait, Russells, Python, Chequered Kil-Back, Dhaman , Green Whip Snake.

Birds: - Herons, Egrets, Cormorants, Storks, Green Pigeons, Sand Pipers, Large and Small Spoonbills, Darters, Seagulls, Teal, Partridges, great variety of Wild Geese and Ducks.

Fishes: - Whale Shark, Tiger Shark, Hammer Headed Shark, Saw fish, Guitar fish

Crustaceans: -Fiddler Crab (Uca spp), trilobite (Tachypleus gigus ), Horse Shoe Crab.

Insects: -Honey bee (Apis dorssta)


SOCIAL ISSUES

Building and house typeHealth and sanitationEducation and LiteracyHazards and disastersSocial problemsCrime and terrorism

HOUSE TYPES

HEALTH AND SANITATION

Small percentage of hygienic latrine usage Houses are mainly made of mud Arsenic contamination in ground water is present. In a few areas 60-80% tube wells are contaminated Majority of areas contain 20-30% contaminated

HAZARDS

Tropical cyclone Storm Surge Coastal erosion River bank erosion Sea water intrusion Salinity Increase Arsenic contamination

MITIGATION

MITIGATIONgovernment, non-government and international organizations are working on arsenic mitigation in Bangladesh Household level arsenic removals : Deep tube well Use of pond water Sand filter Rainwater harvesting during the monsoon. Treated surface water surface large-scale arsenic removal plants can be built to remove arsenic

from the water supply in municipal areas

Fig:-Conceptual model of the effect of climate change on the hydrologic cycle andphenomena associated with many climate extremes

CLIMATE CHANGE

CLIMATE CHANGE

Observed climate change and its impact during the past century

Temperature and rainfall Change in river course Sea-level rise Impact on water resources Change in seasonal variation

Figure : Observed and projected decline in per capita average annual freshwater availability and growth of population from 1951 to 2050.

Pollutionis not intense as the industrial areas such as Dhaka, Narsingdi etc. pollution that occurs includes: - Air Pollution Water Pollution Land Pollution

natural & anthropogenic activities are responsible for the generation of air pollutants. Among the air pollutants these are identified: - Dust and particulate matters from mills Automobile emission due to fossil fuel burning. Gases produced from burning of wood, plant and biomass.secondary pollutants(The acid rain which produce H2SO4, HNO3, H2CO3 etc. )

Water pollutiondifferent Point source and Non-point sources pollutants are responsible for water pollution. Water pollution results from-• Disease causing agents such as virus, bacteria, protozoa etc.( For example

E. coli, Streptococcus etc. )• High BOD due to discharging organic effluents in water.• Due to acid rain and soil erosion that wash away soil nutrients and

accumulate in water bodies • Use of fertilizer, pesticides in agricultural causing death of aquatic

organisms.• Different dissolved salts and acidic/alkaline substances • Some toxic heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cr, etc.)

LAND POLLUTION

Land of the area is historically very fertile. Land pollution results from- The practice of solid waste disposal over the land area The practice of over cultivation and application of chemical

fertilizers and pesticides degradation of land resources many natural disasters such as

cyclone, tsunami, storm surge, thunder storm etc. Loss of fertility due to change in the drainage pattern of the area

ANY QUESTION