Feed resources of farm animal

T.W.G.F.A. Nijamdeen

Reg No: 612260302

Introduction

• Livestock play an important role in most small-scale farming systems throughout the world.

• They provide traction to cultivate fields, manure to maintain crop productivity, and nutritious food products for human consumption and income-generation.

• Despite the importance of livestock, inadequate livestock nutrition is a common problem in the developing world, and a major factor affecting the development of viable livestock industries in poor countries.

• Thus the feed resources plays a major role in farm animals.

Classification of feedstuff

• Live stock feeds are generally classified according to the amount of a specific nutrient they furnish in the ration.

• They are divided into two main classes.

- Roughages

- Concentrates

• Other classes are mineral supplement, vitamin supplement and non nutritive feed additives

Animal Feed stuff

Concentrates

Roughages Mineral supplements

Vitamin supplements

Non nutritive feed additives

succulant Dry roughages

Energy Protein

Plant origin Animal origin

Roughages• Roughages are bulky feeds containing relatively large

amount of less digestible material

• Two major types

– Succulent

60%-70%

– Dry roughages

10%-15%

Based upon the moisture content

Succulent Roughages

• Pasture

• Cultivated fodder crops

Leguminous fodder

Non leguminous fodder

• Tree leaves

• Root crops

• Silage

Dry roughages

• Hay

method of conserving green crops is that of hay making. Thus a green crop in a mature state is preserved for a long time.

• Straw

They are poor in protein and have the largest percentage of crude fibre. They are comparatively poor in P,Ca and trace elements. But they are rich in silica

concentrates

• A concentrate is usually described as feed mixture, which supplies primary nutrients.

• Two major types

Energy rich concentrates Rich in energy or

protein

Protein rich concentrates

Energy rich concentrates

• Grain and seeds

Eg: rice ,wheat

They are rich in energy as well as starch and are low in fibre.

The are deficient in Ca,Na,Cl

But they form a good source of Vitamin B and E

• Mill by-products

Protein rich concentrates

Feeds of plant origin

Eg: oil seed meals,oil seeds,Brewer’s grains,yeast and oil cakes

They are protein rich,highly palatable, easily digested and are generally used to balance rations of farm stock in respect to protein.

• Feed of animal origin

Eg: Milk,Blood meal,Bone meal,Fish meal,Dried skim milk,Dried whey.

Mineral supplement• It may be natural or artificial mineral supplimentEg:Ca - lime stone, Dicalcium phosphate

Na – Salt

Vitamin supplement• It may be natural or artificial

Non-nutritive feed additives• They are used to improve the palatability,to preserve

feeds and to prevent certain diseases.Eg: Antibiotics,hormones,pigments,enzymes ect.

Water• Importance for the sustainability of any living

being

Alternative feeds for farm animals

• Due to increase in population and restriction in land use and increasing prices of animal feeds,it is not possible to always depend on the conventional feeds such as grass,corn,fish meal ect.

• In order to have a regular supply of low cost feeds for livestock there is a need of an alternative feed stuffs.

• The main sources of alternative feeds are Crop residues and agro industrial by products.

• Crop residues

Two major sources are;

- paddy straw

- Sugar cane by-products

a) sugar cane tops

b) sugar cane baggase

• Agro industrial by productsMilling industry

- oil cakes,Rice bran/rice polish,Molassescanning industry

- fruits/vegetables,fish/meatSlaughter house waste

- Inedible partsAnimal wastes

- Bio gas slurry- Poultry manure

Importance of farm animal feed stuffs

• Provide nutrition for farm animal

• Prevent diseases for farm animals

• Helps in quality production

• Economical sustainability

Conclusion

• Livestock play an important role in most farming systems throughout the world.

• They provide traction to cultivate fields, manure to maintain crop productivity, and nutritious food products for human consumption and income-generation

• Therefore proper feeding of farm animals is more important to gain success in the industry.

Thank you