FAMILYAN

DMARRIAGE

Family (from Latin: familia) is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity (by recognized birth).

A group consisting of two parents and their children living together as a unit.

Definition of Family:

According to U.S. Census Bureau: "A family includes a householder and one or more people living in the same household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption”.

According to Netherlands Cabinet:

“A social unit where one or more children are being cared for and/or brought up."

According to 1970s Long Island:

"One or more persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage, living and cooking together as a single housekeeping unit, exclusive of household servants”.

Marriage has been an exclusive bond between a man and a woman that includes that most intimate of acts, the sexual union.

Definition of Marriage:

According to Max Weber: “Marriage is a stable sexual relationship allowed & legitimized by a larger kin group used to determine rules about property rights for children”.

Horton and Hunt says: “Marriage is the approved social pattern whereby two or more persons establish a family”.

H.M.Johnson defines marriage as: “A stable relationship in which a man and a woman are socially permitted without loss of standing in community, to have children".

A Brief History

1- Family as a universal institution 2 - the concept of marriage

Transformation in family and marriages• In primitive societies:- Family lived in small tribes of nomadic people- All members of the family were expected to work for food due to

scarcity- Marriage were in-formal

• Family and marriage in pre-industrial society:

- Growth in population, with three generation (extended family) multifunctional- Production mainly agricultural- Little social mobility due to ascribed status- rather then kinship, marriage became center of family

• Family and marriage in Industrial society:-Production based in factories-family no longer a unit of production-from extended family to nuclear family (two generations)-most functions of family are lost to other institutions.-industrial economy gives opportunity for achieved status-marriage became optional rather than essential for survival

• Family and marriage in modern society:

• Modern family seen primarily as a nuclear-based entity where men provide the economical needs of family

• Kin live separately, but nuclear family not completely isolated from extended kin.

• reduced economic labor of children and prolonged education

• Divorce a solution to broken marriages. 40 percent of marriages tend to end in divorce. 7/10 petitions from women

TYPES OF FAMILY

NUCLEAR FAMILY:

The nuclear family is seen to primarily consist of an adult man and woman, in a socially accepted sexual relationship with children (either their own or adopted).

EXTENDED FAMILY:Like the nuclear family, consists of an adult man and woman, in a socially accepted sexual relationship with children (either their own or adopted), but also may include grandparents and grandchildren or siblings and cousins, and other kin. This sort of family is traditionally seen as important in pre-industrial society, since larger families could work together to produce more products and care for all family members - providing care for the elderly and care and education (to some extent) for the young.Polygamous families are also considered extended families.RECONSTRUCTED FAMILY:When a couple with children from previous relationships marry, resulting in step-parents, step-children and step-brothers/sisters. there may also be children produced from that relationship.

TYPES OF MARRIAGE

Monogamy:Monogamy is an ideal, widespread and rational type of marriage. It is found in all civilized societies. Monogamy refers to a marriage of one man with one woman at a time. This type of marriage is normally unbreakable in nature. It continue till death. Today the principle of monogamy i.e. one husband and one wife is practised and emphasised throughout the world. Monogamy is of two types such as serial Monogamy and non-serial Monogamy.

Polygamy:Polygamy is a type of marriage in which there is plurality of partners. It allows a man to marry more than one woman or a woman to marry more than one man at a time. Polygamy is of three types such as polygamy, polyandry and endogamy or group marriage.

Polyandry:Polyandry is a very rare type of marriage in present day. In this type of marriage a woman marries several men at a time. In the words of K.M. Kapadia, “Polyandry is a form of union in which a woman has more than one husband at a time or in which brothers share a wife or wives in common. At present it is found among some of the tribes like toda, khasi and nayars. Polyandry is divided into two types such as fraternal polyandry and non-fraternal polyandry.

Endogamy or endogamous marriage:Endogamy or endogamous marriage refers to the marriage within one’s own group such as within one’s own caste, sub-caste, varna and tribe. In other words there are several types of endogamous marriage such as caste endogamy, sub-caste endogamy, varna endogamy and tribal endogamy.

SIGNIFICANCE OF FAMILY AND MARRIAGE

SIGNIFICANCE OF FAMILY: The Family first and most important institution of our society.

A Family creates a stable and often unbreakable relationship.

Provide love, protection and guidance.

Help to build your confidence.

provide a sense of belonging and independence.

The family is a natural and essential part of the foundation of a healthy society.

A family is the bond where you meet your parents, grandparents, siblings and other family members.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MARRIAGE: To have a permanent relationship with the

person you love.

To beget children and have happy family.

For economic and social upliftment or insurance.

Marriage is the foundation of the family and society marital love is life-giving to:

Children, the supreme gift of marriage extended family neighbors and the wider community.

Marriage can be said to be a ceremony which allows you to open the door of a palace of happiness and enter into it. Therefore, marriage is the biggest event for humankind. Love transcends time and space and it is the greatest thing for humankind.

The Holy Quran says,

“And marry those among you who are single and those who are fit among your male slaves and your female slaves; if they are needy, Allah will make them free from want out of His grace; and Allah is Ample-giving, knowing.” (Surah an-Nur, 24:32)

The Prophet (S) says, “No house has been built in Islam more beloved in the sight of Allah than through marriage.”

To understand the significance of marriage and family we must turn to God, our creator, to learn what he had in mind in making the human race.

FUNCTIONS

OF FAMILY AND MARRIAGE

Functions of family 

• Member replacement and physical maintenance.

  Socialization of children. 

Status transmission. 

Economic activity. 

Social emotional support. 

TALLCOT PARSONS:Family performs two basic functions.

Primary socialization.

Stabilization of adult personality.

Functions of marriage   Marriage fulfills the economic needs of

marriage partners.

  Marriage perpetuates kinship groups.

 

   Marriage provides institution for the

care and enculturation of children. 

THEORIES OF FAMILY AND MARRIAGE

PARSONS: “FUNCTIONAL FIT” THEORY: - Performance of family depend on the type of the society in which it is found. - Parson identified two types of family structures: The extended family. The nuclear family.

FAMINIST THEORY:- Family serves capitalism.- Women suffers more.

THEORIES OF FAMILY:

FUNCTIONALIST THEORY:- The family performs several essential functions for society.- Sudden changes threatens the family and makes society weak.

THEORIES OF MARRIAGE:ECONOMIC THEORY OF MARRIAGE:

- Marriage is a voluntary partnership for the purpose of joint production and joint consumptions.

Gary Becker’s Theories of Marriage:

•Two very different theories of marriage in Becker’s writings on marriage:

- Demand and Supply models.- Sorting models of marriage.