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ARIHANT INSTITUTE OF TEACHERS TRAINING

Factors affecting on learning

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Page 2: Factors affecting on learning

NAME: Shendkar Rupali P.COURSE NO: 103

Teaching and LearningUNIT:Factors affecting Learning Individual and Environmental

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Factors affecting Learning

Individual and Environmental

interest,

intelligence

motivation

maturation

attention, fatigue

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Maturation:Development of child takes place of two basic but complex process

1- Learning

2- maturation

When the development results from the natural growth of the physiological system, it is called maturation.

Learning is possible when certain stage of maturation is reached.

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Maturation:

Maturation may be physical or mental.

Maturation is reflected in the readiness of the child to do certainactivity.

Pacing means presenting activities at a rate commensurate with thedevelopment of the child.

Do not force the child to read and write in the KG class as the childmay not be mature enough and hence may not be ready to do theactivities.

The more mature organism, the less training is needed to reach agiven level of proficiency.

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Maturation:

The principle of maturation merely warns us against enforcing training on a child when he is not mature to learn the specific skills.

Otherwise the child may develop wrong habits, may lose interest and then will require more time to unlearn the wrong habits.

teacher should explain this principle to parents who are over ambitious and over enthusiastic in the education of their 3 or 4 years old child.

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Intelligence

Intelligence goes on growing up to the age of 16 to 20 years but he I.Q. for

most individuals remains constant

.the I.Q. provides a ratio for determining how bright an individualk is as

comopared to other age

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Intelligence

Intelligence is expressed by an IQ score in an intelligence test is positivity

related to training.

Generally, people with higher IQs learn new material rapidly. However,

higher IQ in itself is no guarantee for rapid learning since other factors

such as motivation of the learner and the method used for learning are also

important.

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Attention

Attention is always present is consious life and is common to all types of

mental activity.

We must attend before we know, feel or act.

It is a characteristic of all conscious life.

Attention as the selective activity of consciousness or as a process of getting

an object of thought clearly before the mind.

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Why do we attend?

Internal and external factors

Conditions that control attention may be termed as objective and subjective, those that are found in the objects ( external) and those that lie within the subject ( internal).

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External factors or objective

conditions of attention

Change

Repetition

Size

Intensity

MovementContrast

novelty

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External factors or objective conditions of attention

Intensity

Size

Repetition

Change

Movement

Contrast

novelty

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Intensity-

A strong stimulus is more likely to be noticed than a weak one.

A loud noise has the advantage over a soft whisper, the bright head-light of a

car catches our attention more easily than the dull lamp of a cycle.

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Size-Other things being equal, a large object will draw our attention more readily

than a small one, a big advertisement or a tall building or an elephant will

easily attract our attention.

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Repetition-The alarm of a clock would go unnoticed, if it strikes only

once. To Attract your attention, advertisers repeat a particular

slogan while advertising t.hrough radio and tv

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Change-

To attract attention, change should not be gradual one but a sudden one, the

tickling of wall clock goes unnoticed, but it arrests attention as soon as it

stops. A Speaker modulates his voice to attract the attention of the audience.

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Contrast-

Anything that is different from its surrounding is likely to stand out and catch

the eye. An ink blot on a white sari is likely to attract attention more readily

than one on a colored sari. A tall and a short person walking together attract

our attention more quickly.

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Novelty-

A strange object generally arouses attention. An

advertisement printed upside down or a student wearing a

western style dress with a turban on his head is likely to

attract attention.

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Internal factors (Subjective) or

conditions of AttentionHow much and in what way a person will attend to a stimulus

depends not only upon the characteristics of that stimulus or the favourable environmental conditions but also upon the persons own interest, motives, Interest. We attend to objects in which we are interested. these internal actors are of many kinds but they can put into six classes-

1-Emotions2- Interest3-mood4-Attitude5-Motives6-Instincts

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1.Emotions-emotions are said to be the “ internal motivation” of

attention. In joy and affection we attend to certain things. In sorrow we like nothing. hence the teacher should try to make the classroom situation pleasant so that so student can attend and gain the maximum.

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2 Interest and attention-

Interest is a very helpful factor in securing attention. Weattend to objects in which we are interested and we donot attend to those in which we do not have interest.A boy interested in hockey will be more interested inwatching a hockey match than football or thevolleyball matches being played at the same time onadjacent grounds.

Teacher should make his lesson interesting byconnecting it with their basic need,drives and interest.

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3.Mood- The more the pleasant mood of the child the greater

the level of attention.It also leads to less distraction when pleasant.

Our mood always influences the direction of attention. If somebody is seriously ill at home, you find it difficult to pay attention your study. if you are in a pleasant mood, you pay attention easily.

Our mood always influences the direction of attention. If somebody is seriously ill at home, you find it difficult to pay attention your study. if you are in a pleasant mood, you pay attention easily.

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4.Attitude-

The attitude of the child towards something willdetermine his attention level.

Positive attitude will lead to higher level of attention ornegative attitude will lead to less or no attention.

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5 Motives-

The basic drives and urges of the individual are very important insecuring his attention.

Thirst, hunger, sex, curiosity, fear are some of the importantmotives that exercise a definite influence upon attention.

A hungry person will definitely notice the smell of cooking.

The sex drive occupies a unique place among thedifferent drives. Even the most inattentive student in theclass can be made to sit on the edge of his chair if theteacher announces that he is going to talk about the sexpractices of American hippies.Now a days in the world ofadvertsing,sex is the drive that has been most widelyexploited. We can see the shapely girls in bathing suits tosell such unrelated items as tyres,bolts and tractors.

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6.Instincts

They are the “prime movers” of our behaviour. Sothe things which appeal to our instincts attract ourattention.

Hence the teacher should appeal to the instinctsof the students in order to catch their attention andmake lesson success.

A hungry child pays attention to food, a cat looksfor a mice, mother pays attention to her sick child, etc.

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•THANK YOU