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ARIHANT INSTITUTE OF TEACHERS
TRAINING
NAME: Shendkar Rupali P.COURSE NO: 103
Teaching and LearningUNIT:Factors affecting Learning Individual and Environmental
Factors affecting Learning
Individual and Environmental
interest,
intelligence
motivation
maturation
attention, fatigue
Maturation:Development of child takes place of two basic but complex process
1- Learning
2- maturation
When the development results from the natural growth of the physiological system, it is called maturation.
Learning is possible when certain stage of maturation is reached.
Maturation:
Maturation may be physical or mental.
Maturation is reflected in the readiness of the child to do certainactivity.
Pacing means presenting activities at a rate commensurate with thedevelopment of the child.
Do not force the child to read and write in the KG class as the childmay not be mature enough and hence may not be ready to do theactivities.
The more mature organism, the less training is needed to reach agiven level of proficiency.
Maturation:
The principle of maturation merely warns us against enforcing training on a child when he is not mature to learn the specific skills.
Otherwise the child may develop wrong habits, may lose interest and then will require more time to unlearn the wrong habits.
teacher should explain this principle to parents who are over ambitious and over enthusiastic in the education of their 3 or 4 years old child.
Intelligence
Intelligence goes on growing up to the age of 16 to 20 years but he I.Q. for
most individuals remains constant
.the I.Q. provides a ratio for determining how bright an individualk is as
comopared to other age
Intelligence
Intelligence is expressed by an IQ score in an intelligence test is positivity
related to training.
Generally, people with higher IQs learn new material rapidly. However,
higher IQ in itself is no guarantee for rapid learning since other factors
such as motivation of the learner and the method used for learning are also
important.
Attention
Attention is always present is consious life and is common to all types of
mental activity.
We must attend before we know, feel or act.
It is a characteristic of all conscious life.
Attention as the selective activity of consciousness or as a process of getting
an object of thought clearly before the mind.
Why do we attend?
Internal and external factors
Conditions that control attention may be termed as objective and subjective, those that are found in the objects ( external) and those that lie within the subject ( internal).
External factors or objective
conditions of attention
Change
Repetition
Size
Intensity
MovementContrast
novelty
External factors or objective conditions of attention
Intensity
Size
Repetition
Change
Movement
Contrast
novelty
Intensity-
A strong stimulus is more likely to be noticed than a weak one.
A loud noise has the advantage over a soft whisper, the bright head-light of a
car catches our attention more easily than the dull lamp of a cycle.
Size-Other things being equal, a large object will draw our attention more readily
than a small one, a big advertisement or a tall building or an elephant will
easily attract our attention.
Repetition-The alarm of a clock would go unnoticed, if it strikes only
once. To Attract your attention, advertisers repeat a particular
slogan while advertising t.hrough radio and tv
Change-
To attract attention, change should not be gradual one but a sudden one, the
tickling of wall clock goes unnoticed, but it arrests attention as soon as it
stops. A Speaker modulates his voice to attract the attention of the audience.
Contrast-
Anything that is different from its surrounding is likely to stand out and catch
the eye. An ink blot on a white sari is likely to attract attention more readily
than one on a colored sari. A tall and a short person walking together attract
our attention more quickly.
Novelty-
A strange object generally arouses attention. An
advertisement printed upside down or a student wearing a
western style dress with a turban on his head is likely to
attract attention.
Internal factors (Subjective) or
conditions of AttentionHow much and in what way a person will attend to a stimulus
depends not only upon the characteristics of that stimulus or the favourable environmental conditions but also upon the persons own interest, motives, Interest. We attend to objects in which we are interested. these internal actors are of many kinds but they can put into six classes-
1-Emotions2- Interest3-mood4-Attitude5-Motives6-Instincts
1.Emotions-emotions are said to be the “ internal motivation” of
attention. In joy and affection we attend to certain things. In sorrow we like nothing. hence the teacher should try to make the classroom situation pleasant so that so student can attend and gain the maximum.
2 Interest and attention-
Interest is a very helpful factor in securing attention. Weattend to objects in which we are interested and we donot attend to those in which we do not have interest.A boy interested in hockey will be more interested inwatching a hockey match than football or thevolleyball matches being played at the same time onadjacent grounds.
Teacher should make his lesson interesting byconnecting it with their basic need,drives and interest.
3.Mood- The more the pleasant mood of the child the greater
the level of attention.It also leads to less distraction when pleasant.
Our mood always influences the direction of attention. If somebody is seriously ill at home, you find it difficult to pay attention your study. if you are in a pleasant mood, you pay attention easily.
Our mood always influences the direction of attention. If somebody is seriously ill at home, you find it difficult to pay attention your study. if you are in a pleasant mood, you pay attention easily.
4.Attitude-
The attitude of the child towards something willdetermine his attention level.
Positive attitude will lead to higher level of attention ornegative attitude will lead to less or no attention.
5 Motives-
The basic drives and urges of the individual are very important insecuring his attention.
Thirst, hunger, sex, curiosity, fear are some of the importantmotives that exercise a definite influence upon attention.
A hungry person will definitely notice the smell of cooking.
The sex drive occupies a unique place among thedifferent drives. Even the most inattentive student in theclass can be made to sit on the edge of his chair if theteacher announces that he is going to talk about the sexpractices of American hippies.Now a days in the world ofadvertsing,sex is the drive that has been most widelyexploited. We can see the shapely girls in bathing suits tosell such unrelated items as tyres,bolts and tractors.
6.Instincts
They are the “prime movers” of our behaviour. Sothe things which appeal to our instincts attract ourattention.
Hence the teacher should appeal to the instinctsof the students in order to catch their attention andmake lesson success.
A hungry child pays attention to food, a cat looksfor a mice, mother pays attention to her sick child, etc.
•THANK YOU