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Facework on Facebook as a New Literacy Practice? 1

Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

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Presentation for DGFE Osnabruck, Germany, March 2012. For German translations, grateful thanks go to: Anne Marie Bathmaker, Sabine Little Marie-Louise Vollmer

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Page 1: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Facework on Facebook

as a New Literacy Practice?

1

Page 2: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Conceptual Framework

• Language and Literacy – The New Literacy Studies;

• Social Media Theory;

• Facework, Presentation of Self in Everyday Life;

• Narrative and Discourse Analysis

Page 3: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

New Literacy Studies

3

• Move beyond encoding & decoding skills;

• Literacy as a social practice;

• Literacy as always context specific;

Page 4: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

New Literacy Studies

4

• VERNACULAR - Literacy in everyday life

• Not schooled literacy but ‘literacy under the desk’

• Literacy as something people DO

Page 5: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

A Call for New Research

Are we, in our fascination with new media seeing … changes to literate practice … as more radical than they really are?

(Moje, 2009: 350)

Page 6: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

New Media theorists

• Public displays of connection (Donath and boyd, 2004)

• Writing oneself into being (Sunden, 2003)

• ... for teenagers, the online realm … represents their space, … – to construct, experiment with and present a reflexive project of the self in a social context; (Livingstone, 2008:396)

Page 7: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Goffman, 1959;1967

• The rituals of everyday life

• Presentation of self across domains

• Consistent performance of the self – taking a line

• A line is spoken and non-spoken

• Actors form part of their own audience

Page 8: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Goffman, 1967: On Facework

To keep ‘face’ is to get and keep a

positive value for the line you take

Facework describes everything

someone does in order to keep ‘face’

8

Page 9: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

while concern for face focuses attention of the person on the current activity, he (sic) must, to maintain face in this activity, take into consideration his place in the social world beyond it

Goffman, 1967: On Facework

Page 10: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Research Questions

Can Literacy practices on Facebook be

considered new literacy practices?

Does Facebook provide new ways for

teenagers to present themselves?

Does Facebook offer new ways for friendship

management?

Do Literacy practices in Facebook affect

presentations of self in other contexts (and

vice versa)?

10

Page 11: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

The Data

25 x 16 and 17 year olds

from

4 x Friendship groups

2 schools and one college

Interviews and ‘walk throughs’

Screenshots

11

Page 12: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

If you are not on Facebook, then where are you? You have to go on (Facebook) otherwise its like you don’t exist.

12

Page 13: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Man muss auf (Facebook) gehen, sonst ist es, als würde man nichtexistieren. Wenn du nicht dort bist, wo bist du? 13

Page 14: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

14

I joined about 2 years ago. I was on another network site called Bebo. And a lot of my friends had moved up. A lot of my friends were like … well it was just that Facebook seemed like a more mature person’s social

networking site. I think Bebo was aimed at a younger generation of er .. I think that Bebo was a bit more ridiculous really. And I thought that I was ready to move on really. It was nice to just start doing something a bit newer too. A bit intriguing. Also a lot of older people, like my cousins and older friends, just older people I knew of were all on Facebook and they kind of

smirked at the idea of Bebo.

Page 15: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

15

Ich hab mich vor etwa 2 Jahren angemeldet. Ich war bei eineranderen Seite, Bebo. Und viele meiner Freunde waren nach obenabgewandert. Viele meiner Freunde waren wie ... na ja es war einfach, dass Facebook einem so vorkam, als wäre es die Social Networking-Website für reifere Leute. Ich denke, bei Bebo an die jüngeren Generation … gerichtet war .. Ich denke, Bebo war echtein bisschen lächerlich. Und ich dachte, dass es Zeitwar, aufzusteigen. Es war auch schön, einfach mal was Neueresanzufangen. Auch viele ältere Menschen, wie meineCousins und ältere Freunde, einfach ältere Menschen, die ich kannte waren alle auf Facebook und sie haben sich über Beboeinen abgegrinst.

.

Page 16: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Ich hab mich vor etwa 2 Jahren angemeldet. Ich war bei

einer anderen Seite, Bebo. Und viele meiner Freunde

waren nach oben abgewandert. Viele

meiner Freunde waren wie ... na ja es war

einfach, dass Facebook einem so vorkam, als wäre es

die Social Networking-Website für reifere Leute. Ich

denke, bei Bebo an die jüngeren Generation … gerichtet

war .. Ich denke, Bebo war echt ein

bisschen lächerlich. Und ich dachte, dass es Zeit

war, aufzusteigen. Es war auch schön, einfach mal was

Neueres anzufangen. Auch viele ältere

Menschen, wie meine Cousins und ältere

Freunde, einfach ältere Menschen, die ich kannte waren

alle auf Facebook und sie haben sich über Bebo einen

abgegrinst.

Page 17: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

K: You know the chat thing? You can put them in groups now so that you can appear online to some and offline to others.

S: Oh do you use that?

L: I do. I have a friends list. I have a yeah list and a meah list! The yeah list, these are the people who I’ll like - I’ll talk to, like my close friends, and meah, I don’t really like to talk to, they are on my friends list but they are annoying to talk to and they WILL talk to you if they see you are online. And you just don’t want to be doing with it. I usually have my other friends list and then my yeah and my meah. Sometimes I might move people about the different lists! I will still talk to the meah people on my wall and at school, but I don’t like talk to them on the chat bit as they’smess it up. You know with their constant little interactions and things they say going on all the time.

17

Page 18: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

K: Sie kennen die Chat-Sache? Das kann man jetzt gruppieren, so dassman für einige online ist, und für andere offline.

S: Oh benutzt Du das?

L: Sicher. Ich habe eine Freunde-Liste. Ich habe eine Ja Liste und eine'Blah' Liste! Die Ja Liste, das sind die Menschen, die ich mag, mit denenich rede, wie meine engen Freunde, und 'Blah', mit denen rede ichnicht gern, sie sind auf meiner Freunde-Liste, aber es ist nervig, mitihnen zu reden und sie WERDEN mit einem reden, wenn siesehen, dass man online ist. Und damit will man sich einfach nichtrumschlagen. Normalerweise habe ich meine andere Freunde-Liste und dann meine ja und meine 'Blah'. Manchmal verteile ich Leuteneu zwischen den Listen! Mit den 'Blah' Leuten rede ich immer nochüber meine Wand oder in der Schule, aber nicht im Chat, weil sie da alles durcheinanderbringen. Sie wissen schon, mit jeder kleinstenBegebenheit und allem, was sie sagen ständig im Hintergrund.

Page 19: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

There are reasons why in the future you might want to talk to

them and so you should have them as Facebook friends just in

case. Like if you met someone who was from somewhere

random like Rotherham, and then you found out you had to go to

Rotherham, then you might contact them. So if you did not have

them as your Facebook friend then you would not have that

option. So it’s a bit like keeping them in your address book even

if you don’t talk to them all the time. Only it is better than that as

in fact you are sort of rubbing along and they can see stuff about

you and you can see stuff about them. So if you did meet face to

face, then it is easier to talk.

19

Page 20: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

S:

Es gibt auch Gründe, warum man vielleicht in Zukunft mal mit ihnen reden wollen würde, und deshalb sollte man sie'nur für den Fall, dass' als Facebook-Freundehaben. Wie, wenn man jemand trifft, und der war von was-weiß-ich wo, z.B. Rotherham, und dann findet man raus, man muss nach Rotherham, und dann tritt man mitihnen in Kontakt. Und wenn man sie nicht als Facebook-Freunde hätte, dann ginge das halt nicht. Also ist es einbisschen, als hätte man sie im Adressbuch, selbst wennman nicht ständig mit ihnen redet. Bloß besser, weil man tatsächlich ein bisschen Kontakt beibehält, sie sehen Kramüber dich, du siehst Kram über sie. Und wenn man sienochmal von Angesicht zu Angesicht trifft, dann istes leichter, sich zu unterhalten.

Page 21: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

S: And yeah so if I am looking at a girl’s photo to decide … if you fancy a girl you look on her profile and you think do I fancy her and so you have a look at all her pictures to get more of an idea if you do or not

L: Yeah lots of people do that.

K: Yeah

L: And also if you want someone to fancy you you need to have a good selection of nice photos of yourself looking really good showing cos they can see your profile pictures even if you have not friendedthem yet.

2121

Page 22: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

S: Und ja, also, wenn ich bei einem Mädchen ihr Foto angucke, um zuentscheiden.....wenn du auf ein Mädchen stehst, dann guckst du dirdas Profil an und denkst, ob du auf sie stehst, und dann guckst du dirihre ganzen Bilder an, um besser zu sehen, ob du nun auf sie stehstoder nicht

L: Ja, das machen viele Leute.

K: Ja

L: Und auch, wenn du willst, dass jemand auf dich steht, dannbrauchst du eine gute Auswahl von netten Fotos, in denen du richtiggut aussiehst, weil sie deine Profilbilder sehen können, selbst wenn du noch nicht mit ihnen befreundet bist.

Page 23: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

23

... so on Friday night at the

gig, we’re arriving as a couple

yeah? .... its gonna be well

wicked ..... just can’t wait to

see everybody’s Facebook on

Saturday morning.

Page 24: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

24

... so am Freitagabend beimAuftritt, da kommen wir alsPaar an, ja? .... das wirdsupergeil ..... ich kann's gar nicht erwarten, die ganzenFacebooks am Samstagmorgen zu sehen

Page 25: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

25

Name Words Likes Time

Kate

Dent

Happy Birthday Sam! 1 Saturday 10.05

Poppy

Stilgoe

Happy Birthday Sami! 1 Saturday 11.05

Sinead

Fox

Happy Birthday Sami! 1 Saturday 11.20

Beth

Little

Happy Birthday Sam 1 Saturday 11.37

Becky

Sands

Happy Birthday from me too 1 Saturday 11.54

Anita

Vashi

Happy Birthday from your favourite aunty!! Have a

good day.

1 Saturday 12.30

Ali Lord Have a great day. See you later. 1 Saturday 12.35

Samitra

Balu

Thanks everyone!! Hope to see some of you later @

Happy Wik! Message me for where we’re going after.

Saturday 12.40

Lindsay

Barr

And Hapy Birthday from me too, Will CU laters.

Hopefully there’ll be some good pix @ ‘Happy Wik’.

1 Saturday 14.03

Samitra

Balu

I mean Happy Wok! Saturday 14.05

Page 26: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE
Page 27: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Person Words Likes Times

Amy Beal Lying on the sofa watching Enders 1 Friday @ 20.10

Ali Lord Me too and eating chips. Nom Nom

Nom.

1 Friday @ 20.11

Amy Beal Is that your tea? Are you calling for

me tomorrow?

Friday @ 20.11

Ali Lord No & yep . *Burp*. 6 Friday @ 20.15

Amy Beal I pay you to work not to like me. LOL Friday @ 20.20

Ali Lord Zainab Friday @ 20.22

Amy Beal Yep. I totally hate her. Such a troll. Friday @ 20.23

Ali Lord Wouldn’t it be totally mint to live in

Albert Square

2 Friday @ 20.23

Amy Beal ROTFL. Nightmare more like. Friday @ 20.27

Ali Lord Have you done your statement thing

yet? I’m thinking of putting something

about being an expert on Enders.

Friday @ 20.30

Amy Beal And Facebook. Lol ))))))) Friday @ 20.31

Ali Lord Popular Culture Consultant. Friday @ 20.31

Amy Beal OMG!!! PCC. Let’s go on chat. I need

to ask you something. Have you got

time?

Friday @ 20.33

27

Page 28: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE
Page 29: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

29

Name Words Likes Time

Manjinder

Singh

Some people think they are so great Saturday

21.03

Leni Khan Some of us ARE 3 Saturday

21.15

Manjinder

Singh

Too true. *Looks in mirror* LOL Saturday

21.16

Leni Khan I just think that by the time you are in year 12 you

should act a bit more mature. It’s like they think

there about 14. Well they think they act 20. But

actually its about 14. Or 12. (you know who you

are, you perthetic (sp??)immature people yeah)

Saturday

21.20

Manjinder

Singh

I know who you mean. I’m not going to Biol on

Monday anyhow.

Saturday

21.22

Manjinder

Singh

I’ve run out of credit. Can you text our Sanj for

me? I want to ask her to bring me a Chinese on

her way home.

Saturday

21.25

Leni Khan K but you have to message me her number

though.

Saturday

21.25

Manjinder

Singh

K. Sent it! Saturday

21.27

Page 30: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE
Page 31: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

• Display of friendships as performance to self and others;

• Management of the future and of the past;

• Public/Private domains merging and being re-defined on a moment by moment basis;

• Visibility and invisibility possible – for reading as well as performing;

31

Page 32: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

• Preservation of traditional rituals, conventions and practices; (Birthdays etc);

• New conventions and rituals emerging to enact traditional practices & self presentation (e.g. poking; liking);

• Blending of old and new rituals and ways of performing the self

32

Page 33: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

New Social Literacy Practices

33

Page 34: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Translation credits to:

• Ann-Marie Bathmaker

• Sabine Little

• Marie-Louise Vollmer

Page 35: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Photo credits … thanks to all

• http://www.flickr.com/photos/58847482@N03/5766026059/in/set-72157626036836006/

• http://www.flickr.com/photos/elsey-nicole/5834992756/in/pool-394185@N23/

• http://www.educationinnovating.org/2010/12/is-technology-distraction

• http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/412918/enlarge

Page 36: Facework on Facebook: for DGFE

Slidesharehttp://www.slideshare.net/DrJoolz/facework-on-

facebook-for-dgfe

Davies, J. (2012) ‘Facework on Facebook as a new literacy practice’. Computers and Education. 59:1 pp19-29.